Diagnosing insect and mite damage.

This chapter is intended to illustrate the process of diagnosing insect and mite damage with an emphasis on microscopic insects (such as leaf miners belonging primarily to Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, Phorodon cannabis, Aleyrodidae, Thripidae and stem borers) and mites (including Aculops cannibicola and Tetranychidae), as well as the hidden symptoms caused by them. Diagnosing an insect problem is different from insect identification. A hemp problem should be diagnosed as a type of insect damage first before any taxonomic identification of a suspected insect is performed. That said, growers can make a preliminary diagnosis based on insect population trends in the field and levels of plant damage observed, collect insect specimens of all available stages and submit them to a plant clinic for identification. The chapter also discussed arthropod pest management by preventing pest entry to indoor facilities, monitoring pests throughout production, planting barrier crops, eliminating alternative host plants for pests, trapping flying insects, use of natural enemies and applying alternative products.

Sharing the experiences on the implementation of environmental horticulture in Indonesia

This article touches upon the current activities of applied Environmental Horticulture in Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. Activities are Agro-Education Tourism (AET）and Integrated Plant Clinic Car Program. IPB operates two major services to support profession development of landscape architects who graduated from IPB. Services are Public Consultation service and Expertise Certification Service.

Coverage and access of plant clinic in Nepal

Plant clinic is one of the extension approaches that deliver field level services to farmers. In Nepal, this service started in 2008. An assessment of the coverage and access of Plantwise plant clinic in Nepal was conducted from 2013 to 2016 with the view to assess the performance of this approach. The number of plant clinic sessions and queries by farmers increased from 2013 to 2014 whereas in 2015 the numbers of both sessions and queries decreased due to the earthquake that struck the country in April 2015 and disturbances throughout the year. The average number of clinic session run per year was 10.5 and the average number of queries per session was 12. The farmers’ gender ratio for female to male who visited the clinic was 45:55. The coverage and access of plant clinics is increasing, but plant clinics are not yet widespread across Nepal.