striatal membrane
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Function ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Sippy ◽  
Corryn Chaimowitz ◽  
Sylvain Crochet ◽  
Carl C H Petersen

Abstract The striatum integrates sensorimotor and motivational signals, likely playing a key role in reward-based learning of goal-directed behavior. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning remain to be precisely determined. Here, we investigated changes in membrane potential dynamics of dorsolateral striatal neurons comparing naïve mice and expert mice trained to lick a reward spout in response to whisker deflection. We recorded from three distinct cell types: i) direct pathway striatonigral neurons, which express type 1 dopamine receptors; ii) indirect pathway striatopallidal neurons, which express type 2 dopamine receptors; and iii) tonically active, putative cholinergic, striatal neurons. Task learning was accompanied by cell type-specific changes in the membrane potential dynamics evoked by the whisker deflection and licking in successfully-performed trials. Both striatonigral and striatopallidal types of striatal projection neurons showed enhanced task-related depolarization across learning. Striatonigral neurons showed a prominent increase in a short latency sensory-evoked depolarization in expert compared to naïve mice. In contrast, the putative cholinergic striatal neurons developed a hyperpolarizing response across learning, driving a pause in their firing. Our results reveal cell type-specific changes in striatal membrane potential dynamics across the learning of a simple goal-directed sensorimotor transformation, helpful for furthering the understanding of the various potential roles of different basal ganglia circuits.



2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Kavya Prasad ◽  
Erik F. J. de Vries ◽  
Philip H. Elsinga ◽  
Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx ◽  
Aren van Waarde

Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.



2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stepanov ◽  
Magnus Schou ◽  
Jaak Järv ◽  
Christer Halldin
Keyword(s):  


1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Yoshio Goshima ◽  
Takao Kubo ◽  
Yoshimi Misu


1988 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S173
Author(s):  
Yoshio Goshima ◽  
Takao Kubo ◽  
Yoshimi Misu


1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaakkola ◽  
P. T. M�nnist� ◽  
E. Nissinen




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