Single molecule Raman detection of enkephalin on silver colloidal particles

Enkephalin, an endogeneous substance in the human brain showing morphine‒like biological functions, has been detected at the single molecule level based on the surface‒enhanced Raman signal of the ring breathing mode of phenylalanine, which is one building block of the molecule. For enhancing the Raman signal the enkephalin molecules have been attached to silver colloidal cluster structures. The experiments demonstrate that the SERS signal of the strongly enhanced ring breathing vibration of phenylalanine at 1000 cm−1can be used as “intrinsic marker” for detecting a single enkephalin molecule without using a specific label molecule. The reported result suggests the use of the phenylalanine 1000 cm−1SERS line as spectroscopic signature for monitoring single proteins containing this amino acid as a building block.

The effect of osmotic pressure of aqueous PEG solutions on red blood cells

A drastic increase of the intracellular microviscosity of red blood cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was established by electron spin resonance using the small spin label molecule 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl-4-one (TEMPONE). The effective osmotic pressure of PEG solutions stressing the cells was estimated by comparison with those cytoplasmic rotational correlation times of TEMPONE measured in NaCl or sucrose containing media of known osmotic pressure.