Locally pro-p contraction groups are nilpotent

The authors have shown previously that every locally pro-p contraction group decomposes into the direct product of a p-adic analytic factor and a torsion factor. It has long been known that p-adic analytic contraction groups are nilpotent. We show here that the torsion factor is nilpotent too, and hence that every locally pro-p contraction group is nilpotent.

Comparison of intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid with intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injection or cystoscopic hydrodistention for ketamine-associated cystitis

Objective This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of intravesical instillation hyaluronic acid with intradetrusor botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection or cystoscopic hydrodistention for ketamine-associated cystitis. Methods Thirty-six patients were evenly randomly divided into the BTX-A group or the hydrodistention group. Patients received 200 U BTX-A detrusor injections in the BTX-A group and cystoscopic hydrodistention in the hydrodistention group. Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid was administrated in both groups for eight times. Patients with involuntary detrusor contraction were divided into the persistent involuntary detrusor contraction group and resolved involuntary detrusor contraction group after treatment in 6 months. The predictors of persistent involuntary detrusor contraction were analyzed. Results Twelve months after treatment, the daytime frequency, Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index, maximal capacity, and maximal cystometric capacity in the BTX-A group were significantly better than those in the hydrodistention group. Patients with resolution of involuntary detrusor contraction had a significantly shorter duration of ketamine, lower amount of fibrosis in pathology, and higher maximal capacity than those with persistent involuntary detrusor contraction 6 months after therapy. Conclusion Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid with intradetrusor BTX-A injection appears to be a preferable option for long-term effectiveness compared with cystoscopic hydrodistention.

Some properties of distal actions on locally compact groups

We consider the actions of (semi)groups on a locally compact group by automorphisms. We show the equivalence of distality and pointwise distality for the actions of a certain class of groups. We obtain a decomposition for contraction groups of an automorphism under certain conditions. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for distality of an automorphism in terms of its contraction group. We compare classes of (pointwise) distal groups and groups whose closed subgroups are unimodular. In particular, we study relations between distality, unimodularity and contraction subgroups.

The nub of an automorphism of a totally disconnected, locally compact group

To any automorphism,$\alpha $, of a totally disconnected, locally compact group,$G$, there is associated a compact,$\alpha $-stable subgroup of$G$, here called thenubof$\alpha $, on which the action of$\alpha $is ergodic. Ergodic actions of automorphisms of compact groups have been studied extensively in topological dynamics and results obtained transfer, via the nub, to the study of automorphisms of general locally compact groups. A new proof that the contraction group of$\alpha $is dense in the nub is given, but it is seen that the two-sided contraction group need not be dense. It is also shown that each pair$(G, \alpha )$, with$G$compact and$\alpha $ergodic, is an inverse limit of pairs that have ‘finite depth’ and that analogues of the Schreier refinement and Jordan–Hölder theorems hold for pairs with finite depth.

Eccentric muscle contractions induce greater oxidative stress than concentric contractions in skeletal muscle

The purpose of this study was to examine oxidative stress in skeletal muscle after eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Eight-week-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 90) were divided into 3 groups: eccentric muscle contraction group (ECC, n = 42), concentric muscle contraction group (CON, n = 42), and control group (pre, n = 6). The tibialis anterior muscle was stimulated via the peroneal nerve to contract either eccentrically or concentrically. The tibialis anterior muscle was isolated before and 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 72, and 168 h after muscle contraction. Immediately after muscle contractions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in skeletal muscle significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both ECC and CON conditions. However, in the ECC group alone, the TBARS level peaked at 12 and 72 h after the contractions. There was greater migration of mononuclear cells in ECC than in CON muscle. In addition, there was a correlation between TBARS in skeletal muscle and migration of mononuclear cells in ECC muscle (r = 0.773, p < 0.01), but this correlation was not apparent in CON muscle (r = 0.324, p = 0.12). The increased mononuclear cells may reflect inflammatory cells. These data suggest that eccentric muscle contraction induces greater oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, which may in turn be due to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by migrating inflammatory cells.