The current landscape of youth multi-sport training: athlete and parent insight data

The intent to improve a youth athlete’s ability is developed through structured focused training in the competencies within their sport. To date there is little evidence around how multi-discipline youth athletes organise their training load (TL) outlook in a multitude of sports. The aim of this study was to analyse the daily TL, distribution and wellness in aspiring 10-15yr old pentathletes (n = 31) over 152 ± 35 days. Athletes completed daily reports documenting sport mode, session duration, session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and wellness (sleep, stress, mood, fatigue, muscle soreness). Parental understanding of training periodisation was used to contextualise the athletes training patterns (n = 15) through semi-structured interviews. Weekly training duration was 5 h 59 min ± 3 h 38 min. The swimming discipline dominates the overall time spent training (50.5%). Pentathlon specific TL was significantly higher in the 14–15 yrs (3000 ± 1207 AUT) in comparison to 10–11 yrs (1837 ± 874 AUT). Weekly micro TL fluctuations showed significant peaks on the weekend compared to Tuesday and Friday (p < 0.05). Wellness scores were significantly worse on Monday to Wednesdays (p < 0.05), compared to Fridays. Parent interviews suggest a multitude of coach input from solo disciplines over a typical week, with little inter-coach discussions. In conclusion there is little structure on a micro or macro level in youth pentathletes training showing multiple-coach input with little coach crossover. Implications for the training/competition is based around convenience/holidays/availability of resources rather than overall individual development, which suggests the potential need for an early specialisation approach to support athletes within this style of multi-discipline sport.

Semi-Active Lateral Interconnected Air Suspension Hierarchical Control

Based on semi-active interconnected air suspension system full vehicle dynamic model, Hierarchical control strategy is used to design LIAS control system to improve vehicle riding comfort.The upper layer is mode judgements layer ,and the lower layer is interconnection condition control and damping condition control layer.Interconnection condition control rules are carried out by taking vehicle speed, steering wheel angle and vehicle roll angle as input parameters.On base of the model,simulation results show that vehicle riding comfort increases by 29.2% and 3.37% through using mixed SH-ADD control than that of SH and ADD control individually,and vehicle roll angle reduces effectively under double-lane condition by using sport mode control rules.

The Effect of Icing of Sea Spray on Ship Structure in Ice Zone

This paper is quoted from empirical equation of accumulating icing by sea sprays to analyze its sport mode and calculate the accumulation amount and distribution of 80000 DWT bulk carriers. It also analyzes the effect of sea spray and icing to the ship structure in ice zone, which reinforces to know the danger of icing. Therefore, this paper has a significant influence and reference value for evaluating the hull strength of ice zone going ships.