Studies of Bending Effects of Microvilli of Leukocyte on Rolling Adhesion

It has been widely acknowledged that further understanding about the cell adhesion (e.g., leukocyte rolling adhesion) can help us gain more knowledge about the causes of relevant diseases and design more effective treatments and diagnoses. Although recent simulation studies considered the deformability of the leukocytes, most of them, however, did not consider the bending deformation of microvilli. In this paper, an advanced leukocyte model based on an immersed boundary lattice-Boltzmann lattice-spring model (LLM) and an adhesive dynamics (AD) is presented in details. The flexural stiffness of microvilli is introduced into the model for simulations of leukocyte rolling adhesion. This innovative model is applied to investigate the influences of bending deformation of microvilli on the process of leukocyte rolling adhesion and the underlying mechanism at different shear rates. It is demonstrated that the bending deformation of microvilli can be influenced by the flexural stiffness of microvilli and shear rates, resulting in the different rolling velocity of leukocytes, number of receptor-ligand bonds, and bond forces. The findings clearly indicate that the bending of microvilli plays a crucial role in the dynamics of leukocyte adhesion.

Modeling and simulation of membrane process

The article presents the different approaches to polymer membrane mathematical modeling. Traditional models based on experimental physicochemical correlations and balance models are presented in the first part. Quantum and molecular mechanics models are presented as they are more popular for polymer membranes in fuel cells. The initial part is enclosed by neural network models which found their use for different types of processes in polymer membranes. The second part is devoted to models of fluid dynamics. The computational fluid dynamics technique can be divided into solving of Navier-Stokes equations and into Boltzmann lattice models. Both approaches are presented focusing on membrane processes.

Model of Groundwater Flow Using Boltzmann Lattice-Gas Automation Method In Maros Karst Region, Indonesia

In this study, modeling of mineral resources of underground water in karst mountain area of Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia was made by the Boltzmann lattice-gas automata method. This method was applied to solve the problem of groundwater flow by viewing them as a lattice gas. Simula tion models of groundwater flow in the form of 16 and 32 particle size with a barrier particles form a circle on the plate and different variations of time to reach steady its state. The simulation results showed that the greater the time duration, the mor e different fluid motion pattern. For the state of the karst region, this means that the heterogeneous medium karst very unstable and affect the movement of the particles. In addition, karstification process takes place in a relatively long time with adequate rainfall.