Glassy dynamics in models of confluent tissue with mitosis and apoptosis

Using a new Active Vertex Model of confluent epithelial tissue, we investigate the effect of cell division and cell death on previously identified glassy dynamics and establish how fast the cell life cycle must be in order to disrupt the observed dynamical signatures of glass-like behavior.

Prim and Genetic Algorithms Performance in Determining Optimum Route on Graph

Performance is a process of assessment of the algorithm. Speed and security is the performance to be achieved in determining which algorithm is better to use. In determining the optimum route, there are two algorithms that can be used for comparison. The Genetic and Primary algorithms are two very popular algorithms for determining the optimum route on the graph. Prim can minimize circuit to avoid connected loop. Prim will determine the best route based on active vertex. This algorithm is especially useful when applied in a minimum spanning tree case. Genetics works with probability properties. Genetics cannot determine which route has the maximum value. However, genetics can determine the overall optimum route based on appropriate parameters. Each algorithm can be used for the case of the shortest path, minimum spanning tree or traveling salesman problem. The Prim algorithm is superior to the speed of Genetics. The strength of the Genetic algorithm lies in the number of generations and population generated as well as the selection, crossover and mutation processes as the resultant support. The disadvantage of the Genetic algorithm is spending to much time to get the desired result. Overall, the Prim algorithm has better performance than Genetic especially for a large number of vertices.

Tuning the electrochemical potential of perfunctionalized dodecaborate clusters through vertex differentiation

We report a new class of redox-active vertex-differentiated dodecaborate clusters featuring pentafluoroaryl groups.

Tuning the Electrochemical Potential of Perfunctionalized Dodecaborate Clusters Through Vertex Differentiation

We report a new class of redox-­‐active vertex-­‐differentiated dodecaborate clusters featuring pentafluoroaryl groups. These [B12(OR)11NO2] clusters share several unique photophysical properties with their [B12(OR)12] analogues, while exhibiting significantly higher (+0.5 V) redox potentials. This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and isolation of [B12(O-­‐CH2C6F5)11NO2] clusters in all 3 oxidation states (dianion, radical, and neutral). Reactivity to post-­‐functionalization with thiol species via SNAr on the pentafluoroaryl groups is also demonstated.

Tuning the Electrochemical Potential of Perfunctionalized Dodecaborate Clusters Through Vertex Differentiation

We report a new class of redox-­‐active vertex-­‐differentiated dodecaborate clusters featuring pentafluoroaryl groups. These [B12(OR)11NO2] clusters share several unique photophysical properties with their [B12(OR)12] analogues, while exhibiting significantly higher (+0.5 V) redox potentials. This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and isolation of [B12(O-­‐CH2C6F5)11NO2] clusters in all 3 oxidation states (dianion, radical, and neutral). Reactivity to post-­‐functionalization with thiol species via SNAr on the pentafluoroaryl groups is also demonstated.

Active Vertex Model for Cell-Resolution Description of Epithelial Tissue Mechanics

We introduce an Active Vertex Model (AVM) for cell-resolution studies of the mechanics of confluent epithelial tissues consisting of tens of thousands of cells, with a level of detail inaccessible to similar methods. The AVM combines the Vertex Model for confluent epithelial tissues with active matter dynamics. This introduces a natural description of the cell motion and accounts for motion patterns observed on multiple scales. Furthermore, cell contacts are generated dynamically from positions of cell centres. This not only enables efficient numerical implementation, but provides a natural description of the T1 transition events responsible for local tissue rearrangements. The AVM also includes cell alignment, cell-specific mechanical properties, cell growth, division and apoptosis. In addition, the AVM introduces a flexible, dynamically changing boundary of the epithelial sheet allowing for studies of phenomena such as the fingering instability or wound healing. We illustrate these capabilities with a number of case studies.