La mise en scène de Fin de partie par Alain Françon

Résumé A première vue, la mise en scène par Alain Françon, en 2011, de Fin de partie sur la scène du théâtre de la Madeleine, paraît s’ inscrire dans la tradition des mises en scène françaises soucieuses de respecter le texte, rien que le texte, et, évidemment, ses didascalies. Cependant, cette conformité n’ est qu’ apparente. En prenant en compte les mises en scène réalisées par Beckett lui-même, en établissant le texte à partir des réécritures opérées à l’ occasion de celles-ci, Alain Françon opère une véritable révolution – au sens de renversement du regard – dans l’ appréhension non seulement de l’ œuvre, mais de l’ auteur lui-même. Ainsi s’ opèrent un nombre de ruptures significatives qui la rendent à la fois exemplaire, et profondément singulière.

Foraging ecology of tropicbirds breeding in two contrasting marine environments in the tropical Atlantic

Studying the feeding ecology of seabirds is important not only to understand basic aspects of their ecology and threats but also for the conservation of marine ecosystems. In this regard, tropical seabirds have been relatively neglected, and in particular the trophic ecology of tropicbirds is scarcely known. We combined GPS tracking, environmental variables and sampling of regurgitates during incubation and brooding to understand the feeding ecology of red-billed tropicbirds Phaethon aethereus as well as how foraging strategies may change between 2 contrasting marine environments: a coastal island in the Canary Current upwelling (Îles de la Madeleine) and an oceanic island in the middle of the south Atlantic (St Helena). Tropicbirds breeding on the Îles de la Madeleine headed west, foraging on and beyond the shelf slope, probably to associate with subsurface predators which bring pelagic fish close to the surface. Birds from St Helena showed a greater foraging effort and a strong attraction to areas with the greatest species richness of Scombridae, possibly due to a greater difficulty in finding prey in the oligotrophic oceanic waters. Tropicbirds ranged much beyond the extension of the protected areas around their colonies, indicating that current protected areas are insufficient for these populations. We found no evidence to suspect direct mortality of tropicbirds in regional fisheries, but overexploitation of small epipelagic fish and tuna may decrease feeding opportunities and lead to competition with fisheries. The substantial differences in foraging behaviour demonstrated by individuals from both colonies indicates that caution should be taken when extrapolating foraging patterns of tropical seabirds breeding in contrasting oceanographic environments.