The Continuing Conundrum of the Somali Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone

Among the many challenges facing Somalia as it seeks to enable its maritime future is the continuing conundrum presented by its historical claim to a 200-nautical-mile territorial sea. However, as a degree of stability has returned, a series of important—but largely forgotten—national and international legislative and policy steps taken by the Somali Democratic Republic just prior to the onset of the civil war have been rediscovered. This has cast the issue in a new light, and raises several questions as to the consequences and evolution of the Somali legal relationship to the maritime domain. This article describes the current status of the Somali claim, with a view to illuminating the legal history behind the Somali legislative ‘start point’ for the recently filed application with the International Court of Justice in relation to its Exclusive Economic Zone delimitation with Kenya.

Effect of pH on Four Defluoridation Adsorbents under Natural High Fluoride Groundwater

Appropriate drinking water defluoridation technology is urgently needed in china, which has a wide fluoride-rich area. The adsorption defluoridation method in the industrial high fluoride wastewater treatment is generally considered to be efficient and economic. However, the practical application of the method is not ideal in obtaining drinking water defluoridation. Four representative adsorbents activated alumina, activated zeolite, hydroxyapatite and hydrous zirconium oxide have been tested in terms of defluoridation efficiency under natural high fluoride groundwater and compared to clarify existing problems of adsorption methods. Results show that pH significantly affected adsorption efficiency. The adsorbents have low adsorption capacity under natural high fluoride groundwater and can achieve good adsorption effect under acidic conditions. However, in adjusting the water to the appropriate pH range, the adsorption method loses its advantages of convenience and affordability. Therefore, any adsorbent should be tested with actual field waters before designing filed application systems. Further research is also warranted in evaluating the field performance and the economic acceptance of the proposed method.

Development of Analyzer for Field Waterflood System Efficiency Test

Oilfield waterflood system efficiency test set and computation analysis software can monitor real-time electric power consumption of waterflood system and optimize parameters in waterflood activity in time. This test tool adopts chip microprocessor as electric circuit for acquisition of pressure, flow rate and electricity. Wireless transmission applies Bluetooth and GPRS techniques. The computation analysis software has such functions as graphic simulation, efficiency computation, behavior diagnosis and design optimization. The filed application of this tool effectively cuts production cost and achieves the goal of energy saving.