Hydrogeological Study in and around Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet Valley, Mid-Western Nepal

This study is carried out in parts of Surkhet valley, which is one of the Dun valleys (Inner Terai) in Nepal. Tubewell data was collected, dug well inventory with water table measurement was carried out followed by the data analysis leading to the groundwater resource assessment of the study area. The subsurface sediment distribution in the study area consist clay, sand and gravel giving rise to multiple aquifer horizons. Groundwater potential map has been prepared for parts of Surkhet valley and groundwater resource assessment has been carried out for the entire valley. Groundwater potential map was prepared using various thematic layers. Weights and rank were assigned, respectively to each thematic layer and its classes based on their significance for the groundwater occurrence. Most of the study area has medium groundwater potential with low potential at north east and high potential at southeast of the study area. The groundwater resource assessment for the valley, carried out by water balance method and aquifer analysis reveals that there is good groundwater reserve in the valley that can significantly fulfill the water demand in the area if properly exploited with required management of land and water resources in the area.

Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China

In North China Plain, accurate spatial and temporal ET and precipitation pattern is very important in the groundwater resource assessment. This study demonstrated the potential for modelling ET and groundwater processes using remote sensing data for distributed hydrological modelling with MIKE SHE codes in the Haihe Plain, China. The model was successfully validated against independent groundwater level measurements following the calibration period and the model also provided a reasonable match of the lysimeter measurements of ET. The remote sensing data included ET derived from global radiation products of Fengyun-2C geostationary meteorological satellite (FY-2C) and FY-2C precipitation products. The comparisons show that precipitation is a critical factor for the hydrological response and for the spatial distribution of ET and groundwater flow. FY-2C precipitation products has a spatial resolution of about 11 km, which thus adds more spatial variability to the most important driving variable. The ET map based on FY-2C data has a higher spatial variability than that map based on conventional data, which are caused by higher resolution of ground information. The groundwater level changes in the aquifer system are shown in the quite different spatial patterns under two models, which is affected by the significant difference between two types of precipitation. In the Haihe Plain, accurate spatial and temporal ET pattern is very important in the groundwater resource assessment that determines the recharge to the saturated zone.