An Elegant Method of Analysis for the BJT Amplifiers using Floating Admittance Matrix

The Floating Admittance Matrix (FAM) is an elegant, neat, illustrative, and simplified technique for analyzing all configurations of the BJT amplifiers, starting with the maneuvering of the FAM of the phase-splitter circuit. The conventional analysis method requires a small-signal equivalent circuit, and then conventional tools, either KCL, KVL, or Thevenin, Norton, etc., are used for the analysis. The researcher has to guess which conventional tool suites better than the other for any particular circuit, whether active or passive. The proposed technique is equally ell useful for all circuits. In the FAM method, once the device matrix is known rest of the circuit can be embedded in it by inspection. The sum property of this matrix provides a check to know whether FAM has been written correctly to proceed further.

A Discrete Realization of Higher Resolution Phase Detection

To improve the resolution of optical meter in manufacturing machines, novel discrete higher resolution phase detection for optical grids in optical meter is proposed. It is well known that the output of optical grid is a pair of sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal signals. The way enriching the phase information roots upon three primitive elements: (1) the phase angle 2 per cycle can be encoded into eight /4 phase regions, (2) the chopping signal of each /4 region is either the replica or the mirror of the first phase region, and (3) amplitude-to-phase mapping is used to digitize the pair of sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal signals into a pulse sequence. The empirical result shows that the proposed diagram with an 8 bits A/D converter can digitize the resolution of a complete sinusoidal signal up to 800 pulses per cycle. When coupling to the manufacturing machines, the proposed phase splitter can promote their resolution to 1600 times.