Fast Drying Combined With Rapid Cooling Can Enhance The Survival of The Desiccation Sensitive Wheat Pollen After Ultra-Low Temperature Storage

Long-term storage of pollen is important for the fertilization of spatially or temporally isolated female parents, especially during hybrid breeding. Wheat pollen is dehydration-sensitive and rapidly loses viability after shedding. To preserve wheat pollen, we hypothesized that fast-(flash)-drying and fast cooling (150°C min-1) compared to slow-(air)-drying and slow cooling (1°C min-1) would increase the rate of intracellular water content (WC) removal, decrease intracellular ice crystal formation, and increase viability after exposure to ultra-low temperatures. High correlations were found between pollen WC and viability analyzed by impedance flow cytometry (IFC viability: r=0.92, P<0.001) and pollen germination (r=0.94, P<0.001). After 10 min of air-drying, 66% WC was lost and pollen germination was at 12.2±12.3%. After 10 min of flash-drying, WC of pollen reduced by 74%. IFC viability decreased from 90.2±6.7 to 39.4±17.9%, and pollen germination dropped from 33.7±16.9 to 1.9±3.9%. After 12 min of flash-drying, WCs decreased to <0.34 mg H2O mg-1 DW, ice crystal formation was completely prevented (ΔH=0 J mg-1 DW), and pollen germination reached 1.2±1.0%. After slow and fast cooling, flash-dried pollen (WC 0.91±0.11 mg H2O mg-1 DW) showed less ice crystal formation during cryomicroscopic-video-recordings and had IFC viability of 4.5±7.0% (slow) and 6.1±8.8% (fast), respectively, compared to air-dried pollen which lost all viability. Generally, fast-(flash)-drying and increased cooling rates may enable the survival of wheat pollen likely due to (1) a fast rate of intracellular WC loss that reduces deleterious biochemical changes associated with the drying process and (2) a delay and reduction in intracellular ice crystal formation.

Effects of Moisture Content and Drying Method on Shelf Life and Quality of Coconut Residue

In this article, the quality changes and shelf life of by-products (coconut residue) obtained after coconut milk extraction were studied using three drying technologies: hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, and flash drying. Among the drying technologies, flash drying was most suitable for fresh coconut residue. It gave the least moisture content with the most stability of whiteness and oil content and the highest drying rate. Dried coconut residue using flash drying has the longest shelf life up to the 140th day with slight changes in the quality when stored in warehouse conditions of 35±1.0oC and 60-75% relative humidity. In terms of specific energy consumption, flash drying required the lowest energy of 8.47±0.50 MJ per kg water removal from fresh coconut residue, whereas hot air drying consumed the highest specific energy.

Peningkatan Kualitas Batubara Peringkat Rendah dengan Teknik Flash Drying

Batubara peringkat rendah biasanya ditandai dengan kandungan air yang tinggi dan nilai kalor yang rendah.Agar kandungan airnya turun dan nilai kalornya naik, maka perlu dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. Ada banyak teknologi coal upgrading, dengan menggabungkan penggunaan uap air dengan tekanan, tentunya dengan keunggulan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Teknik flash drying memberikan alternatif teknologi peningkatan kualitas batubara dengan memanfaatkan udara yang tidak terlalu panas dan tekanan yang rendah sehingga biaya operasonalnya menjadi lebih rendah. Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik flash drying mampu menurunkan kandungan air batubara secara signifikan, namun kandungan air dalam produk berubah sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan. Kata kunci: Batubara, Flash Drying, Coal Upgrading

Drying and disaggregation of cotton powder cellulose in the flash drying unit

The issues related with the drying and disaggregation of the cotton powder cellulose (CPC) in the flash drying unit are being discussed, as well as the properties of the cotton powder cellulose are being analyzed as the subject of drying and processing treatment.