Polymorphism parental survey in three Indonesia improved varieties to support development of new submergence tolerant varieties

Submergence by flooding caused damage in rice growing areas and huge economic loss, and developing tolerant varieties is considered as the best approach to overcome the problem. Markers Assisted Backcrossing (MABC) approach is widely to develop Sub-1 tolerant varieties. The availability of polymorphic markers is among the most crucial requirement to implement the MABC method. This research was subjected to assess DNA polymorphism between IR64Sub1 and tree Indonesian popular varieties. A total of 136 microsatellites/simple sequence repeat markers were used to genotype tree Indonesian popular varieties; Cisantana, Angke and Mekongga and IR64-Sub1. A total of 39 markers covering 11 chromosomes were found polymorphic between IR64 Sub-1 and the three varieties, however no polymorphic markers found in chromosome 12. The lack polymorphic markers were also found in chromosome 10 and 11 between IR64 Sub 1 and Angke. With the completion of the missing markers, these 39 polymorphic SSR markers can be utilized to support the MABC program for the development of new Sub-1 tolerant variety with multiple tolerances.

Economic Aspects in the Inspection of Multiple Geometric Tolerances

Recent years have seen an increase in the adoption of geometric tolerances. Often it is possible to find several geometric tolerances defined on a single part. However, this poses inspection issues: the values of the geometric errors may be interrelated; therefore, the presence of multiple tolerances should be considered in inspection design. In this work, a methodology is proposed for planning optimal CMM sampling strategies for multiple tolerances based on the minimization of inspection costs. A model for inspection costs is proposed, which takes into account the influence of the inspection strategy on the measurement and inspection errors costs. The inspection strategy minimizing inspection cost can then be defined. The approach can be adopted both to optimize generic, uniform, sampling strategies, and to generate manufacturing specific strategies, which consider the manufacturing signature. A case study which illustrates the methodology is presented.