A systematic review of the anti-inflammatory effects of gallium compounds

Background: Inflammation is an essential response provided by the immune system, ensuring the survival during microbial infection, tissue injury and other noxious conditions. However, prolonged inflammatory processes are often associated with severe side effects on health. Objective: This systematic review aimed to provide the evidence in the literature of the pre-clinical and human anti-inflammatory activity of gallium compounds from 2000 to 2019 focused on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process. Methods: Seven bibliographical databases were consulted (PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost). The selection of appropriate publications and writing of this systematic review was based on the guidelines contained in the PRISMA statement. Moreover, the assessment of methodological quality of the selected studies was also performed. Results: From a total of 3018 studies 16 were included in this paper based on our eligibility criteria, which showed promising and consistent results.

SYNTHESIS OF GALLIUM COMPLEXES OF TERT-BUTYLSUBSTITUTED ACYCLIC AND CYCLIC COMPOUNDS BASED ON 3,5-DIAMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

Synthetic methods of organic chemistry which are currently available in scientific literature allow obtaining a large number macroheterocycles with structurally different internal coordination cavities. They also provide a number of convenient ways to attach to a macrocyclic platform various biologically active heterocyclic fragments such as guanazol. This paper discusses the synthesis and composition of gallium complexes of cyclic and acyclic compounds based on 3,5-diamino-1H-1,2,4-triazol (guanazol), which is itself widely used in medical practice and, most importantly, for the treatment of cancer, in particular, breast cancer ("Anastrozole", "Letrozole"). Interest in gallium compounds is associated with the discovery of a high tropicity of this element to the DNA of tumor cells, as well as cells of the reticuloendothelial system (macrophages and lymphocytes). Therefore, the synthesis of new potential drugs with gallium salts for tumor chemotherapy is an urgent task. The gallium complex of a macroheterocyclic compound of symmetrical structure based on guanazole was obtained through the formation of a three-unit product - 3,5-bis - (5 (6)-tert-butyl-3-iminoisoindoline-1-ilidenamino)-1,2,4-triazole and its complex, followed by cyclization of 3,5-diamino-1H-1,2,4-triazole in phenol. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved using modern physicochemical research methods (UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis). In the mass spectra of the obtained compounds there are peaks of molecular ions of the target products and their fragmentation products. The coincidence of the m/z values with the mass of molecular ions, as well as the characteristic distributions of molecular ions with the calculated values, confirms the composition of the synthesized gallium complexes.