Manual Switching of Visual Motion Rivalry Estimate Human Heart Rate

We showed that deep breathing and voluntary hand movements are able to effectively and timely alter visual bistable perception, see reference 1 and 2. Deep breathing and voluntary hand movements require cognitive control, however, deep breathing results in stable respiratory sinus arrythmia; therefore, in this study, we decide to investigate whether the manual switching of visual motion rivalry is linked with the heart rate. We decided to achieve this study because we have previously claimed that it is the respiratory sinus arrythmia process that controls the switching of the visual motion rivalry through the deep breathing, see reference 1. Expectedly, we found that deep inhalation which is associated with the perception of the actual visual martial is able to increase the heart rate; and deep expiration which is associated with the perception of motion reversals is able to decrease the heart rate. Astoundingly, when the human subjects moves their finger in harmony with the actual physical direction which results in the perception of the original materials of the visual stimulus; the heart rate is increased. Illusory motion reversals that appears when the finger is moved in the opposite direction of the actual motion results in deceleration of the heart rate.