Status stock and Sustainable Management Measures for Moroccan Sardines

This article summarizes the state of stocks of sardine, sardina pilchardus in Moroccan waters at the end of 2016 and 2018. These stocks varies according to the region,They are now in a sustainable exploitation situation:Atlantic sardine, but also stocks that have reached or are still in over-exploitation levels: Mediterranean sardine. The fi shing pressure exerted on the sardine stock exceeds the optimal level by 40%. Due to the degradation of the fragile marine environment of the Mediterranean region, generated by pollution of various origins, the overexploitation of juveniles in the coastal strip, non-responsible practices and the use of non-fi shing gearselective, it is imperative to take the necessary measures to protect the marine environment and ensure rational and sustainable exploitation of the resource. (High commission plan 2006 report).

Fenologia reprodutiva do araticum e suas implicações no potencial produtivo

The araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a native fruit from the Cerrado biome, with a great economic and social potential. Studies on Cerrado native plants phenology are scarce and can be promising for a better rational and sustainable exploitation of its potentialities. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize araticum reproductive phenology in the Cerrado. The phenophases evaluations were carried out from August 2008 to August 2010, in Goiania, Goias, Brazil, through counting of flower buds, flowers in anthesis and fruits formed. The production capacity was estimated through the effective fruiting rate. For flower emission, a biannual pattern was observed for araticum.. The effective fruiting rate observed was 3.29% and the araticum’s reproductive phenophases were concentrated during the rainy season. The effective fruiting rate is considered very low and depends on biotic and abiotic factors.