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Author(s):  
Jhean-Carla Echalar ◽  
◽  
Romina Cossio-Rodriguez ◽  
David Veliz ◽  
Fabricio Cardozo-Alarcon ◽  
...  

Control of the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans(Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with synthetic pesticides in Bolivia has become increasingly inefficient due to the development of resistance in the insects. In the Chaco region of Bolivia, guaraní populations have approached the problem by fumigating their houses with the smoke of native plants. Through interviews and field work with local guides, the main plant used by the guaraníes was collected and later identified as Capsicum baccatumL. var. baccatum(Solanaceae). In choice bioassays, filter papers exposed to the smoke of the plant repelled nymphs of T. infestans. Activity remained significant after storing the exposed filter papers for 9 days. Chemical analysis of smoke and literature data suggested that capsaicinoids present in the smoke were responsible for the repellent effect. The data presented provide a rationale for the use of C. baccatumvar. baccatumto control the Chagas vector bythe guaraní populations.


2022 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 104356
Author(s):  
Miguel F. Jimenez ◽  
Liba Pejchar ◽  
Sarah E. Reed ◽  
Melissa R. McHale

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e19111124639
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria de Brito Steckelberg ◽  
José Realino de Paula ◽  
Camila Aline Romano ◽  
Danilo Brito Steckelberg

Brazil has rich biodiversity, harboring native plants with potential for medicinal use, including species of the Campomanesia genus. Although public policies to encourage phytotherapy advocate the best use of plant biodiversity, most species listed in official forms and monographs are exotic species. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify research trends involving the Campomanesia and main species, using scientometric tools, so that, by viewing and knowing the scientific production on the genus and species of pharmacological interest, possibilities for research with native species so that they can be integrated into Brazilian’s unified health system (SUS). The research resulted in 302 publications up to September 2021. Bibliometric analyzes on genus were then carried out with data from the WoS platform and social network analysis through of scientometric mapping, using the Vosviewer (VOS) application. Species of the genus with more than 10 publications indexed in WoS were also analyzed. Brazil leads research on the genus and C. xanthocarpa (120/302); C. adamantium (70/302); C. pubescens (33/120); C.phaea (25/302); C. lineatifolia (21/302) and C. guazumifolia (10/302) were the species with the highest publication volume. It is the first work that analyzes the scientific production on these genus of Myrtaceae family and the aforementioned species, which revealed itself a promising field of research, yet little explored, which might encourage new studies aimed at better use of Brazilian biodiversity and the safe and effective use of native plants that may bring benefits to people's health and well-being.


Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110629
Author(s):  
Emily Beausoleil

Clearing the gorse, a particularly aggressive invasive plant, so that native plants can flourish has been used as a potent metaphor for decolonization ( Came, 2014 ), and described as labour appropriate for settlers to perform in the interest of just relations with Indigenous peoples. Yet, this labour is not simply one of negation, for it involves learning to bring one’s group difference alongside that of others rather than continuing to mistake that difference for the unmarked context of Indigenous-settler relations. Clearing the gorse is thus also connected to the labour of “gathering at the gate”: the requirement according to Māori protocols of encounter that visitors develop a sense of collective identity and purpose before any meeting can take place. Settler societies, as a rule, operate without a collective sense of the specific identity and history of being a settler people. How would these two forms of labour appropriate for tauiwi Pākehā to perform be connected, and how would performing them together serve broader projects of decolonization and honouring settler commitments in Te Tiriti o Waitangi? I reflect upon this question in light of insights from Tauiwi Tautoko, a recent nationwide anti-racism programme wherein tauiwi (non-Māori settlers) addressed anti-Māori racism online. Core to the programme’s novel anti-racism approach were listening strategies that both invited and modelled acknowledgment of the particular ground from which tauiwi Pākehā see and speak. These strategies have proven effective in creating openings and shifts regarding racist views in otherwise adversarial and toxic spaces. They offer innovative practical resources for the work settlers can and must do with our own people, if we are to contribute to a decolonial future.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Perennial herbaceous Fallopia is native to East Asia, and was introduced to Europe and North America in the 19th century as an ornamental plant. Fallopia has been spreading quickly and has naturalized in many countries. It is listed in the world’s 100 worst alien species. Fallopia often forms dense monospecies stands through the interruption of the regeneration process of indigenous plant species. Allelopathy of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia x bohemica) has been reported to play an essential role in its invasion. The exudate from their roots and/or rhizomes, and their plant residues inhibited the germination and growth of some other plant species. These knotweeds, which are non-mycorrhizal plants, also suppressed the abundance and species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere soil. Such suppression was critical for most territorial plants to form the mutualism with AMF, which enhances the nutrient and water uptake, and the tolerance against pathogens and stress conditions. Several allelochemicals such as flavanols, stilbenes, and quinones were identified in the extracts, residues, and rhizosphere soil of the knotweeds. The accumulated evidence suggests that some of those allelochemicals in knotweeds may be released into the rhizosphere soil through the decomposition process of their plant parts, and the exudation from their rhizomes and roots. Those allelochemicals may inhibit the germination and growth of native plants, and suppress the mycorrhizal colonization of native plants, which provides the knotweeds with a competitive advantage, and interrupts the regeneration processes of native plants. Therefore, allelopathy of knotweeds may contribute to establishing their new habitats in the introduced ranges as invasive plant species. It is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of knotweeds.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ian MacGregor-Fors ◽  
Ina Falfán ◽  
Michelle García-Arroyo ◽  
Richard Lemoine-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel A. Gómez-Martínez ◽  
...  

To tackle urban heterogeneity and complexity, several indices have been proposed, commonly aiming to provide information for decision-makers. In this study, we propose a novel and customizable procedure for quantifying urban ecosystem integrity. Based on a citywide approach, we developed an easy-to-use index that contrasts physical and biological variables of urban ecosystems with a given reference system. The Urban Ecosystem Integrity Index (UEII) is the sum of the averages from the variables that make up its intensity of urbanization and biological components. We applied the UEII in a Mexican tropical city using land surface temperature, built cover, and the richness of native plants and birds. The overall ecosystem integrity of the city, having montane cloud, tropical dry, and temperate forests as reference systems, was low (−0.34 ± SD 0.32), showing that, beyond its biodiverse greenspace network, the built-up structure highly differs from the ecosystems of reference. The UEII showed to be a flexible and easy-to-calculate tool to evaluate ecosystem integrity for cities, allowing for comparisons between or among cities, as well as the sectors/regions within cities. If used properly, the index could become a useful tool for decision making and resource allocation at a city level.


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyun Lim ◽  
Cho-Hee Park ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Chae-Sun Na

In this study, we determined the germination response in the seeds of the rare plant Pseudolysimachion pusanensis (Y. N. Lee) Y. N. Lee to different temperatures. P. pusanensis seeds were collected from the Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, South Korea, in November 2019, and dried. Dry seeds were placed at constant and alternating temperatures (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C) to determine their germination percentage (GP). The seeds were exposed to 59 temperature combinations ranging from 5 °C to 43 °C using a thermal gradient plate. The photoperiod was set at 12:12 h (light:dark) and germination assays were performed five times a week. Subsequently, the seed GP and the number of days required to reach 50% of the germination (T50) were determined. The highest final GP was 94.38%, with a T50 value of 9.26 d at 15 °C. However, the mean germination time was 12.5 d at 15 °C, and linear regression using 1/T50 revealed that the base temperature ranged from 2.69 °C to 4.68 °C. These results for P. pusanensis seeds stored in a seed bank provide useful data for the native plants horticulture industry and can also be utilized for storage management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal S. Li ◽  
Van Zeghbroeck J. ◽  
Qingchun Liu ◽  
Shouan Zhang

Many soils including urban soils have high legacy soil phosphorus (P) due to repeated applications of P fertilizers, but a large portion legacy soil P is fixed by calcium in the calcareous soils. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to transfer fixed (non-labile) soil P into bioavailable P. The aim of this study was to isolate P solubilizing bacteria from the rhizospheres of four local native plants [broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus), giant sword ferns (Nephrolepis biserrata), sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), and sea ox-eye daisy (Borrichia frutescens)] grown in low bioavailable P calcareous soils and to determine their ability to solubilize P. A total of 44 strains of PSB were isolated with 15 of them being identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes as Bacillus flexus, Beijerinckia fluminensis, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter sp., and Pantoea cypripedii. After a 7-day incubation, these strains reduced pH to <4.27 and increased water-soluble P up to 588 mg L−1. Enterobacter ludwigii showed superior P solubilizing ability amount PSB isolated. Therefore, the isolated strains from the local native environment have the potential to thrive in local calcareous soils and possess strong ability to transform non-labile P into bioavailable forms for plants to uptake.


Author(s):  
Arezu Alizadeh ◽  
Jamshid Ghorbani ◽  
Javad Motamedi ◽  
Ghorban Vahabzadeh ◽  
Mansour Edraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343
Author(s):  
Marzena Masierowska

Abstract This two-year study tested whether urban bees benefit from the forest perennial Geranium phaeum L. replanted from natural stands to an urban environment. The flowering abundance and phenology, spectrum of insect visitors, nectar and pollen production, and the energetic value of nectar were investigated in Lublin, SE Poland. The apiarian value of G. phaeum was studied for the first time. The species bloomed abundantly from late April to early June and can be regarded as a valuable spring food resource for urban bees, mainly bumblebees, which accounted for >50% of all visits in both years of study. Bees collected mainly nectar. The highest daily pollen and nectar sugar amount offered by a plant reached 73.7 mg and 36.5 mg, respectively, with the caloric value of nectar of 146 cal. The estimated mean sugar yield, caloric value of nectar and pollen yield · m−2 were 1.7 mg, 6.9 kcal, and 3.4 mg, respectively. The current study confirms the advantage of using native plants in urban landscaping and proves their positive role in strengthening both wild and managed bee populations in cities. The finding that wild plants translocated from the natural habitat can develop a self-sustaining population in the urban environment and establish beneficial relationships with urban bees is of interest in terms of the conservation of both native plants and pollinators.


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