Authenticated quantum dialogue protocol based on four-particle entangled states

Many protocols of quantum dialogue are based on the assumption that the user is legitimate. In fact, the assumption is ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to identify whether the user is legitimate or not. In this paper, by adding identity authentication, a quantum dialogue protocol is proposed based on four-particle entangled states. For preparing the entangled state, we first give the description of the preparation process and draw the diagram of the prepared quantum circuit. Next, the nonlocal correlation properties of the entangled state are investigated. By associating identity authentication with channel security detection, the consumption of quantum resources is reduced to a certain extent. Furthermore, a random number r and a one-way hash function are added to increase the security of the protocol. In the end, compared with other protocols, our protocol has an improvement in efficiency.

Secure multi-party quantum conference and XOR computation

Quantum conference is a process of securely exchanging messages between three or more parties, using quantum resources. A Measurement Device Independent Quantum Dialogue (MDI-QD) protocol, which is secure against information leakage, has been proposed (Quantum Information Processing 16.12 (2017): 305) in 2017, is proven to be insecure against intercept-and-resend attack strategy. We first modify this protocol and generalize this MDI-QD to a three-party quantum conference and then to a multi-party quantum conference. We also propose a protocol for quantum multi-party XOR computation. None of these three protocols proposed here use entanglement as a resource and we prove the correctness and security of our proposed protocols.