Pulmonary Infection Caused by Mycobacterium malmoense in a Chronic HIV-Infected Individual Participating in a Therapeutic Vaccine Trial

We report a case of Mycobacterium malmoense pulmonary infection and HIV-1 chronic co-infection in a 60-year-old man while participating in an HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine clinical trial and during the analytical treatment interruption. We present clinical and therapeutic features of a complicated M. malmoense pulmonary infection along with discussion of the possible relation to the HIV-1 cure-related interventions.

Submandibular lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium malmoense: first reported case from Greece

An 8-year-old girl with subacute submandibular lymphadenitis and no other complaints is described. After failure of parenteral antistaphylococcal therapy, she underwent incision and drainage of the involved lymph node. The responsible pathogen was identified as Mycobacterium malmoense by GenoType CM assay and sequencing of the 16S ribosomalRNA (rRNA) gene. The patient remains healthy, 11 months after surgery, even though it took approximately 4 months for the surgical incision to heal completely. While M. malmoense is a relatively common cause of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lymphadenitis in Northern Europe, this is the first reported case from Greece. We conclude that in a young child with lymphadenitis without systemic symptoms, the microbiology laboratory should be notified in advance in order to extend the duration of mycobacterial cultures. Application of molecular methods will increase the number of reported cases of rare NTM in the future.