Wave climate of the Caspian sea. The input wind data for hydrodynamical modeling and some results of calculations

The main stage of modern approach to the calculation of the wave climate includes creation of a database from hydrodynamic simulation. The input data for hindcasting are wind information, represented in the global reanalysis data. The reanalysis, especially for extreme wave statistics estimation should be subjected to correction with due regard of regional atmospheric processes. The specific of any basins requires prior adaptation of hydrodynamic models to particular conditions, results of which are checked by comparisons of model results with the data of field observations. The results of calculations based on hydrodynamic models are summarized using a set of stochastic models of various classes.

Core-Collape Supernova Progenitors: Light-Curve and Stellar-Evolution Models

A very active area of research in the field of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is the study of their progenitors and the links with different subtypes. Direct identification using pre- and post-SN images is a powerful method but it can only be applied to the most nearby events. An alternative method is the hydrodynamical modeling of SN light curves and expansion velocities, which can serve to characterize the progenitor (e.g. mass and radius) and the explosion itself (e.g. explosion energy and radioactive yields). This latter methodology is particularly powerful when combined with stellar evolution calculations. We review our current understanding of the properties of normal core-collapse SNe based chiefly on these two methods.