Privacy in Cloud-Based Computing

Cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), edge computing, and fog computing are gaining attention as emerging research topics and computing approaches in recent years. These computing approaches are rather conceptual and contextual strategies rather than being computing technologies themselves, and in practice, they often overlap. For example, an IoT architecture may incorporate cloud computing and fog computing. Cloud computing is a significant concept in contemporary computing and being adopted in almost every means of computing. All computing architectures incorporating cloud computing are termed as cloud-based computing (CbC) in general. However, cloud computing itself is the basis of CbC because it significantly depends on resources that are remote, and the remote resources are often under third-party ownership where the privacy of sensitive data is a big concern. This chapter investigates various privacy issues associated with CbC. The data privacy issues and possible solutions within the context of cloud computing, IoT, edge computing, and fog computing are also explored.

La transferencia y cesión internacional de los derechos de los futbolistas profesionales y la exclusión de los terceros

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la naturaleza jurídica y los riesgos que existen en las transferencias de los derechos de los jugadores de fútbol profesional en el ámbito internacional, así como las implicaciones de las recientes modificaciones normativas de la FIFA respecto a los clubes deportivos, los futbolistas y los terceros. Para ello, nosotros usamos un método analítico, propio de la investigación dogmática, normativa, documental, cualitativa, desde el derecho del deporte y el derecho comercial. Como resultados, se verifica que el fútbol profesional hace parte de la industria de los deportes y el entretenimiento, caracterizado por tener modelos contractuales atípicos, una estructura organizacional federativa, que se regula mediante un ordenamiento jurídico especial en el que se privilegia la normativa no estatal y que tiene un ritmo de crecimiento financiero superlativo, el cual ha configurado un campo mercantil sui generis que demanda juristas especializados en la materia. Debido a la profesionalización de los actores que intervienen, existe una regulación integrada por normas de orden público y privado, donde se destaca la normativa aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociado. Se concluye que la exclusión normativa de los terceros en las transferencias y cesiones de los jugadores internacionales, así como la prohibición de figuras como el Third Party Ownership, plantean un cambio sensible en el modelo negocial y contractual en el negocio del fútbol, del que no quedan excluidos los propios jugadores, y que conlleva implicaciones respecto al financiamiento y el papel de los inversionistas en los clubes deportivos, así como de la significación de los derechos económicos de los jugadores.

Riflessioni in tema di comparazione, diritto transnazionale e lex sportiva

"Con questo articolo si intende svolgere una riflessione sul grado di autonomia della lex sportiva sovranazionale rispetto agli altri sistemi di norme, prendendo in considerazione tre fattispecie che hanno suscitato molto dibattito nella prassi: il divieto di promozione pubblicitaria dei prodotti di tabacco ed assimilati in occasione di manifestazioni sportive, il problema dei diritti audiovisivi in relazione ad eventi sportivi e la fattispecie della c.d. Third Party Ownership nel rapporto tra normativa FIFA e quella della Unione Europea in tema di concorrenza. In alcuni casi, come nel conflitto tra UEFA e FIFA da un lato ed Unione Europea dall’altro, sulla gestione dei diritti televisivi in ambito sportivo, è intervenuta la giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea a risolvere la questione. In altri casi, si vuole mettere in rilievo come il conflitto in realtà si ponga solo come potenziale, ovvero apparente qualora si adotti un approccio rispettoso degli ambiti propri dei diversi sistemi di norme."

Privacy in Cloud-Based Computing

Cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), edge computing, and fog computing are gaining attention as emerging research topics and computing approaches in recent years. These computing approaches are rather conceptual and contextual strategies rather than being computing technologies themselves, and in practice, they often overlap. For example, an IoT architecture may incorporate cloud computing and fog computing. Cloud computing is a significant concept in contemporary computing and being adopted in almost every means of computing. All computing architectures incorporating cloud computing are termed as cloud-based computing (CbC) in general. However, cloud computing itself is the basis of CbC because it significantly depends on resources that are remote, and the remote resources are often under third-party ownership where the privacy of sensitive data is a big concern. This chapter investigates various privacy issues associated with CbC. The data privacy issues and possible solutions within the context of cloud computing, IoT, edge computing, and fog computing are also explored.

Third party ownership arrangements: Is a ban in football really appropriate?

Football companies (equivalent to professional sport teams) are increasingly challenged with raising capital. However, future athletic success is highly uncertain and associated cash flows are difficult to predict which makes it difficult to attract investors. An alternative financing instrument that has become more popular in recent years is Third Party Ownership arrangements (TPOs). TPO is a way for financiers to invest in the player squad of a football company and therefore reducing investment risks. Due to the wide usage in football and legal concerns about TPOs, FIFA has forbidden the implementation of TPOs since 2015. But, the question arises, whether a ban of TPOs is really appropriate avoiding a potential conflict of interests as well as problems in ethics and compliance. To address these aspects and finally to judge the appropriateness of TPOs for football companies and the ban itself, a financing-theory-oriented view on the design and functional possibilities of TPOs is needed, but still missing in the literature. Our paper tries to fill this gap and sets the economic basics for a profound legal and economic discussion on the use of TPOs in football as well as sports in general.

Developing and managing photovoltaic facilities based on third-party ownership business models in buildings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the growing trend of developing and managing photovoltaic facilities owned by third parties in buildings, as a possible alternative to energy performance contracting. Design/methodology/approach Based on an established business model template, analysis is carried out on the framework of using third-party finance in the provision of photovoltaic facilities in buildings. Case studies in the USA and China enable comparison of policy tools enabling this approach. Findings While barriers exist in the common energy performance contracting approach for renewable installations owned by the building owner, vesting photovoltaic equipment with a third party for a certain period has become a viable business alternative as long as revenue is generated through a power purchase agreement or lease arrangement with the building owner. Research limitations/implications The third-party ownership business model works better if sufficient policy incentives exist alongside the revenue brought about by renewable energy. Hence, governments have to create the right environment. Originality/value Win-win situations have been identified through case studies in countries with burgeoning renewable energy use in buildings, notably the USA and China, giving new insights on facilities management.