DIAGNOSING TIMBER DEFECTS IN TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSE: A CASE STUDY OF TOK ABU BAKAR ALANG KETAK (TABAK)

Timber traditional houses can bring a significant image of Malaysian built environment heritage. Indeed, it is one of the most valuable treasures that must be sustained for future global reference thus, the building owner and the professional must undertake the responsibility to ensure that these assets are in good condition and safe for its occupants. This paper aims to identify the nature of timber defects that occurred in Tok Abu Bakar Alang Ketak House. Two research objectives had been established (i) to identify the types of timber defects and (ii) to determine the causes of the occurrence of the defects. A mixed-method approach was adopted. The building inspection was carried out from the external to the internal of the building through a grid number from the building plan. All timber defects for each building element were recorded in the conditional survey form. The data were analysed using frequency analysis to measure the frequency of the defects occurring. The findings suggest that with a proper methodology in place, there is much that can be learned from studying the cause of the defect. It will provide some insights to the owner/caretaker in planning to repair for replacement work in order to sustain the house.

Converting Mall-Apartments and Hotels Into Covid-19 Emergency Hospitals

The outbreak of the COVID-19 disease, which afterwards became a pandemic, impacted the world. Because the rapid spread and ongoing research, WHO and the government had created regulations that are changing constantly. President Joko Widodo has recommended the unused buildings be used as emergency hospitals in order to accelerate the handling of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia. Lippo Group's owner wants to assist the government by converting Plaza Mampang Mall into Siloam Hospital (a Covid-19 emergency hospital), which will be housed in the same building as the Nine Residence Apartments. As a result, the inhabitants of the unit protested to the role being transferred. The author focuses on the process of transferring functions from the building owner to the Nine Residence mall-apartment, which serves as a Covid-19 emergency hospital, as well as the building owner's obligation for the function transfer. For COVID-19, not only Nine Residence mall-apartment, but also some hotels served as emergency hospitals. This study employs normative juridical research, with the law approach and the case approach as approaches. Secondary data was used as a source of information, and the research material was obtained through a library study. The findings of this study show that the building owner's procedure of transferring function to the mall-apartment must meet administrative and technical requirements in accordance with the building's purpose. Nine Residence, but if the transfer of function results in losses, the building owner is responsible to the building inhabitants.

Security and Legal Protection for Building Owner of the Land Belongs to Others Related to Principle of Horizontal Separation

The increasing need for land can lead to conflicts in the land sector; therefore, the Indonesian government has enacted Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, which intends to establish a National Agrarian Law based on Customary Law on land. The Land Law adopted by the Basic Agrarian Law rests on Customary Law which recognizes the horizontal scheiding principle. The implementation is with the existence of lease rights for buildings. In line with the principle of horizontal separation adhered to by the Basic Agrarian Law, building construction can be carried out either on one's land or on other people's land. The problem discussed in this study is how legal certainty and protection for building owners who stand on land owned by other people and what legal remedies the building owner can take to own the building still use other people's land. The research method used is normative juridical; typology used in this research is explanatory research and prescriptive research. The approach used in this research is normative. Based on this research results, Defendant I and Defendant II are not allowed to submit a petition for vacant buildings belonging to Plaintiff is on land owned by Defendant I and Defendant II. The building belonged to Plaintiff, so Defendant I and Defendant II did not have authority over the building. If it is related to the principle of horizontal separation, the request to vacate the establishment is contrary to the regulation adhered to by agrarian law in Indonesia. Can do another result of the efforts made by building owners to use other people's land through non-litigation, litigation, and abrasive actions.

Organizational Aspects of the Strategic Victory in the Competition Among Small Construction Companies

The purpose of the research is the search for the strategic steps to win the competition among small construction and installation companies in the market conditions, where the factors of scale and differentiation do not work. In order to achieve the aim the following scientific principles are used: the principle of applied targeting, system, dynamics, and the methods of observation, modelling, formalization, analysis, synthesis, mathematization and generalization within specific scientific methodology. It is a major problem to create serious stable competitive advantages for winning in the competition for the small construction and installation company. Creation of competitive advantages is based on the definite economic correlates. Thus the question arises what to base them on. M. Porter determined U-like dependence between the market share of the company and the level of the returns on investments. [Porter, p.60]. It made it possible to make a principally important conclusion about two types of strategies that achieve significant success: 1) differentiation 2) leadership in prices and expenses. Thus, it’s necessary to analyze the company market from the point of view of: possibilities for differentiation; presence of the economies of scale, which help to decrease expenses and price of the product. The new (updated) BKG matrix helps to find ways to solve the problem of creating competitive advantages. BKG defines four competitive fields. Competitive field where small construction company operates is called “frustration”, and according to the recommendations of the modernized BKG matrix, the factor of scale does not work here and differentiation is not appropriate. Among the recommendations for this field the most efficient, in our opinion, is the proposition to use factors of production the sphere of the largest return and to control geographical markets. Actual expenditures of the company depend to a considerable extent on the term of work performance among other factors. Having conducted the research, we defined the correlation between the term of work performance and their actual cost value. The research was conducted based on calculations of estimated costs of construction works with the help of the program complex AVK-5, taking into consideration the character of dependence of the cost value components on the terms of work performance. These correlations are presented in chart and graphic form. After analyzing the graph it is possible to determine how the estimated cost value will change when changing the terms of work performance and define the zone of minimal cost of work performance which allows to build the strategy for tenders and negotiations on construction costs and terms. Optimum zone is the zone of minimal variable costs, corresponds to normative duration of work performance. Upon the analysis of the received correlations and possible tasks of the construction company while conducting tenders we can suggest the following strategies of tenders’ conduction to a construction company: a) In terms of strict restriction of the costs of project implementation from the building owner; b) In terms of the strict restriction of the terms of the project implementation by the building owner; c) In case, when the subject of negotiation during tender are both term and cost of work performance.

Changes of Form of Malay Traditional Houses in Medan and Surroundings

Malay Architecture is one of the architectures that developed in Medan City and its surroundings. Malay ethnicity has existed and developed in this area marked by the presence of the Deli Malay Sultanate whose Kingdom capital is in Medan. With the existence of this Sultanate, the existence of Malay architecture is getting stronger and influencing the community, especially for the Malay community. This article aims to look at the development of Malay architecture nowadays with various influences that come from everywhere. This influence is certainly related to the form of this building which changes follow the times. Observation locations are in Medan and its surrounding areas, namely Langkat and Serdang Bedagai. Qualitative methods are used to see physical facts in the field which are corroborated by the questionnaire as a form of respondents’ expressions. The results obtained are some changes to the building caused by the variety of activities owned by residents of the house so that it requires space that affect the changes in the form and function of the building. Overall, the building owner still maintains the characteristics of Malay traditional architecture, especially the use of ornaments or decoration on the building.

Considerations for Large Building Water Quality after Extended Stagnation

FINAL VERSION PUBLISHED JUNE 16,2020 in AWWA WATER SCIENCE: https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1186 The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic prompted the closure and reopening of previously shutdown large buildings globally. Building water stagnation has been identified as a potentially serious chemical and microbiological health concern for occupants. Health officials, building owners, utilities, and other entities are rapidly developing guidance. A synthesis of peer-reviewed, government, industry, and nonprofit literature relevant to the implications of water stagnation in plumbing systems and decontamination practices for water quality and health was conducted. A primer of large building plumbing preventative and remedial strategies is provided to inform ongoing efforts to develop recommissioning guidance. Preventative practices to help avoid the need for recommissioning and specific actions, challenges, and limitations associated with recommissioning were identified and characterized. Considerations for worker and occupant safety were also indicated. The responsibility for building water safety was identified to be shared between the building owner, drinking water provider, and local and state public health authorities. [First uploaded April 7, 2020. Minor changes (funding, acknowledgments) made April 8, 2020.]

FINDING EVIDENCE OF GREEN LEASING IN UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT-LEASED PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT Although the term “green leasing” is not yet well defined, its primary purpose is clear. With an aim to create a collaborative environment through legal provisions between a building owner and a tenant, green leasing may ultimately help resolve the energy paradox in tenanted properties. Issues surrounding split-incentives are driven by a mismatch between owners' capital expenditures on improving building energy efficiency and an uncertainty of tenant or occupant behavior that might affect a building's energy consumption. Though some countries have started to develop guidelines promoting the adoption of green leasing, especially in government buildings and commercial real estate, implementation has not been overly successful globally. This study has two focuses, the first of which is to compare green leasing guidelines from various countries and to suggest six comprehensive categories of green leasing components: management relationships, information sharing, certificates, legal stipulations, financial factors, and operation. The second core area of research places government-tenanted properties' lease agreement contracts. The goal is to find any evidence in a legal condition between a building owner and a tenant, in this case federal government, to improve building energy efficiency with less environmental impact in the United States. The findings of the study indicated 41 out of 400 leases had green clauses. Three out of six categories proposed in this study were found in the U.S. government-tenanted properties, while the other three types were not shown. The findings of this study also suggest categories of green leasing clauses can contribute to defining green leasing and provide empirical evidence of green leasing in governmenttenanted properties. Ultimately, this study produces arguments for possible reasoning behind the employment of some green lease categories but the lack of use of others, specifically in the U.S. office market and government-tenanted buildings.

Roszczenie o przejęcie zarządu przez właściciela budynku pozostającego w zarządzie gminy

The article is devoted to the problem of enforced taking over by the owner of a building the administration of the property which so far has been managed by the commune. Firstly, the author discusses the legal regulations binding in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, which caused numerous properties, particularly public buildings, to remain in the possession of communes. To assess the legal relation between the commune and property’s owners, which are currently of civil legal nature, the author suggests that the provisions of Articles 752–757 of the Polish Civil Code, which concern the management of another person’s affairs without mandate (negotiorum gestio), should be applied. To put an end to conflicts over the administration between the owners of buildings and communes, the author indicates substantive legal claim of taking over the management by the building owner, granted to the commune by the legislator. The author considers under what procedure it should be recognized and presents the local and material jurisdiction, as well as the passive mandate in civil proceedings.

KESESUAIAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG DAN PENYELENGGARAAN PENATAAN RUANG DI KORIDOR JALAN TEUKU NYAK ARIEF KOTA BANDA ACEH

Teuku Nyak Arief road corridor is a secondary arterial road that is included in the planned pattern of protected area and cultivation area (City of Banda Aceh Qanun Number 2 of 2018). The use of space along the Teuku Nyak Arief road corridor was found by several misuse of the activity function. In this case the protected area has the blame for the function of restaurants/cafes in the non green open space zone, and in the cultivation area there is a misuse of the function of the processed metal product industry, and the wood industry in the trade and service zones. This study aims to identify the suitability of space utilization in the Teuku Nyak Arief road corridor, the form of spatial planning in the corridor desired by the building owner, and the policy in controlling space utilization so that the corridor is in accordance with the spatial detail plan. This study uses quantitative methods through questionnaires and qualitative methods through observation and interviews. The level of suitability of space utilization reviewed is the classification of unauthorized space utilization activities (X). Respondents were addressed to the building owners located in the Teuku Nyak Arief Banda Aceh road corridor with 87 people. Spatial utilization in the corridor of the river border subzona, funeral subzone, green belt subzona, education subzone, sports subzone, non green open space zone, and defense and security subzone have a suitability level of 100%, city park subzone has a suitability level of 0%, Trading sub-zones and series services have a suitability level of 99%, and office zones have a suitability level of 57%. The dominant form of spatial planning desired by the building owner in the spatial planning aspect is that regulations need to be prepared by involving the community, in the aspect of spatial planning development is the existence of media in socialization, while in the spatial implementation aspect is the loss caused by the cancellation of permits can be requested proper loss to the licensing agency. The policy in the control model of spatial utilization is through the imposition of administrative sanctions, and proper compensation.

MINIATUR SISTEM KONTROLER ESKALATOR OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO

Escalators or walking stairs are very important for buildings that have more than one or two floors, because if people are going up or down from one floor to another floor is very troublesome and of course it will take a lot of energy when using ordinary stairs. With the escalator or the stairs running is expected to help people to make effective the energy used. Besides that people will not feel tired if you have to go up and down stairs. However, with the development of technology nowadays, ordinary existing escalators are considered to be less efficient, because the escalators continue to work even though the escalators are not used. If this is allowed to continue continuously it is very inefficient and certainly wasteful of energy (electricity). The effect of this waste will not only be felt by the building owner but indirectly can also be felt by the wider community who still need a lot of electrical energy seen from the amount of electricity used to run the escalator stairs.