Development and validation of a questionnaire on EFL teachers’ attitudes towards classroom observation

This study was conducted to construct and validate an EFL teachers’ attitudes towards classroom observation scale in the context of Iran. For this purpose, one hundred EFL teachers, who were teaching English in Jahan Elm, Institute of Higher Education and Hafez English Language Institute, Mashhad, Iran, were asked to participate in the study and fill in the questionnaire. First, the internal consistency of the instrument as measured by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha reliability reached acceptable alpha(s). Then, Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) were conducted using LISREL 8.80. The results of the CFA as assessed by the CFI/NNFI, RMSEA and chi-x2, reached acceptable fits. The factor structures were defined and the factors were clearly distinguishable from one another. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the present scale has undoubtedly strong psychometric characteristics and good construct validity which is useful for assessing EFL teachers’ views on classroom observation in Iran.

An Image Scale for Nonprofit Voluntary Organizations

An inventory of scale items for a tailormade semantic differential is developed to measure the image of nonprofit voluntary organizations. The sixty-three items yield twelve first-order factors. Second-order factor analysis provides unifying constructs within the domain of voluntary organizations’ image. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates indicate a highly reliable measurement scale.

An Image Scale for Nonprofit Voluntary Organizations

An inventory of scale items for a tailormade semantic differential is developed to measure the image of nonprofit voluntary organizations. The sixty-three items yield twelve first-order factors. Second-order factor analysis provides unifying constructs within the domain of voluntary organizations' image. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates indicate a highly reliable measurement scale.