An Image Scale for Nonprofit Voluntary Organizations

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Greg Bonner ◽  
William R. George
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Coefficient Alpha Reliability ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

An inventory of scale items for a tailormade semantic differential is developed to measure the image of nonprofit voluntary organizations. The sixty-three items yield twelve first-order factors. Second-order factor analysis provides unifying constructs within the domain of voluntary organizations’ image. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates indicate a highly reliable measurement scale.

An Image Scale for Nonprofit Voluntary Organizations

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
P. Greg Bonner ◽  
William R. George
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Coefficient Alpha Reliability ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

An inventory of scale items for a tailormade semantic differential is developed to measure the image of nonprofit voluntary organizations. The sixty-three items yield twelve first-order factors. Second-order factor analysis provides unifying constructs within the domain of voluntary organizations' image. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates indicate a highly reliable measurement scale.

The Countryside Image: An Investigation of Structure and Meaning

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Palmer ◽  
M E Robinson ◽  
R W Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Verbal Representation ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Realistic Appraisal ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

Images of places in the countryside are structured along a number of dimensions corresponding to the attributes perceived in a place. A suitably constructed semantic differential measures the verbal representation of such images. A factor analysis identifies the dimensions, and an oblique solution gives a realistic appraisal of the structure. A second-order factor analysis reveals the nature of the basic structure underlying the images of differing countryside places. It appears that the structure is composed of three composite dimensions (second-order factors) which subsume the initial dimensions (first-order factors) of the image.

Underlying Common Factors of Adolescent Problem Behaviors

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lening Zhang ◽  
John W. Welte ◽  
William F. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Adolescent Problem Behaviors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

The Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men was used to address the possibility of a common factor underlying adolescent problem behaviors. First, a measurement model with a single first-order factor was compared to a model with three separate correlated first-order factors. The three-factor model was better supported, making it logical to conduct a second-order factor analysis, which confirmed the logic. Second, a substantive model was estimated in each of two waves with psychopathic state as the common factor predicting drinking, drug use, and delinquency. Psychopathic state was stable across waves. The theory that a single latent variable accounts for large covariance among adolescent problem behaviors was supported.

Assessing Flow in Physical Activity: The Flow State Scale–2 and Dispositional Flow Scale–2

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Jackson ◽  
Robert C. Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Flow State ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Dispositional Flow ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Flow Experiences ◽  
State Scale

The Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) and Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2) are presented as two self-report instruments designed to assess flow experiences in physical activity. Item modifications were made to the original versions of these scales in order to improve the measurement of some of the flow dimensions. Confirmatory factor analyses of an item identification and a cross-validation sample demonstrated a good fit of the new scales. There was support for both a 9-first-order factor model and a higher order model with a global flow factor. The item identification sample yielded mean item loadings on the first-order factor of .78 for the FSS-2 and .77 for the DFS-2. Reliability estimates ranged from .80 to .90 for the FSS-2, and .81 to .90 for the DFS-2. In the cross-validation sample, mean item loadings on the first-order factor were .80 for the FSS-2, and .73 for the DFS-2. Reliability estimates ranged between .80 to .92 for the FSS-2 and .78 to .86 for the DFS-2. The scales are presented as ways of assessing flow experienced within a particular event (FSS-2) or the frequency of flow experiences in chosen physical activity in general (DFS-2).

Measurement of Psychological Hardiness in Older Adults

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McNeil ◽  
Albert Kozma ◽  
M. J. Stones ◽  
E. Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
First Order ◽  
Psychological Hardiness ◽  
Challenge Control ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
One Year ◽  
Order Components ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

ABSTRACTFindings are presented on the psychometric properties of a short psychological hardiness measure using subjects predominantly aged over 60 years. The sample of 223 participants was administered the hardiness questionnaire and other instruments twice, with a one-year test-retest interval. First-order factor analysis yielded three factors termed challenge, control, and commitment. Second-order factor analysis revealed a single main factor of general hardiness on which all the first-order components loaded highly. Both internal consistency and test-retest forms of reliability were in the range 0.6 to 0.7. Concurrent validity was illustrated by significant correlations between hardiness and measures of happiness and adjustment.

scholarly journals The conceptualisation and measurement of combat readiness for peace-support operations – an exploratory study

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet C Bester ◽  
Karel J Stanz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
First Order ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis ◽  
Combat Readiness

The aim of this study was to conceptualise combat readiness and to construct a normative measurement instrument for use within the context of peace-support operations. The Peace-Support Operations Questionnaire (PSOQ) was developed comprising of three types of items, namely an associated component, a disassociated component, and certain generic items applicable to both components. The sample comprised 461 soldiers of the South African National Defence Force. A second-order factor analysis on the 15 sub-scores of the first-order factor analysis yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as Military Climate and Discipline. The two factors were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,987 and 0,791. The implications of these findings are discussed.

A Second-Order Factor Analysis Model for Measuring Tourists' Overall Image of Algarve, Portugal

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Luís Silvestre ◽  
Antónia Correia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Second Order Factor Analysis

Algarve is a tourism region in the south of Portugal. This paper develops and empirically validates a second-order factor analysis model to assess the overall image of Algarve held by tourists who visit it. The data are based on the opinions of a random convenience sample of tourists taken at Faro Airport. It is found that the observable variables define three first-order factors – that is, three image factors – and these are used as indicators of a unique second-order factor, which is the overall image held by tourists to Algarve. The main conclusion of the paper is that the ‘sun and sand’ factor is the most important determinant of tourists' overall image of the region.

Challenging the Multidimensional Conception of Perceived Person-Environment Fit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julian M. Etzel ◽  
Gabriel Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. In the current study, we examined the viability of a multidimensional conception of perceived person-environment (P-E) fit in higher education. We introduce an optimized 12-item measure that distinguishes between four content dimensions of perceived P-E fit: interest-contents (I-C) fit, needs-supplies (N-S) fit, demands-abilities (D-A) fit, and values-culture (V-C) fit. The central aim of our study was to examine whether the relationships between different P-E fit dimensions and educational outcomes can be accounted for by a higher-order factor that captures the shared features of the four fit dimensions. Relying on a large sample of university students in Germany, we found that students distinguish between the proposed fit dimensions. The respective first-order factors shared a substantial proportion of variance and conformed to a higher-order factor model. Using a newly developed factor extension procedure, we found that the relationships between the first-order factors and most outcomes were not fully accounted for by the higher-order factor. Rather, with the exception of V-C fit, all specific P-E fit factors that represent the first-order factors’ unique variance showed reliable and theoretically plausible relationships with different outcomes. These findings support the viability of a multidimensional conceptualization of P-E fit and the validity of our adapted instrument.

Management Measurement Scale As A Reference To Determine Interval In A Variable

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Siti Ria Zuliana ◽  
Nuke Puji Lestari Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Guttman Scale ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Thurstone Scale

The scale is usually used to check and determine the value of a qualitative factor in quantitative measures. The measurement scale is a management in agreement that is used as a reference to determine the short length of the interval that is in the measuring instrument, so that the measuring instrument when used in measurements will produce quantitative data. The results of the scale management calculation must be interpreted carefully because in addition to producing a rough picture, the respondent's answers are not just straightforward to be trusted. Types of measurement scales: Likert scale, Guttman scale, semantic differential scale, rating scale, Thurstone scale, Borgadus scale, and various other measurement management scales. One of the most difficult jobs for information technology researchers faced with the necessity of measuring variables is: finding directions in the midst of many existing sizes. If there is a good size for a particular variable, it seems that there are not many reasons to compile a new size yourself. Keywords: Scale, Measurement, Variables.

scholarly journals Mathematical Creativity in Adults: Its Measurement and Its Relation to Intelligence, Mathematical Competence and General Creativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Michaela A. Meier ◽  
Julia A. Burgstaller ◽  
Mathias Benedek ◽  
Stephan E. Vogel ◽  
Roland H. Grabner
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Mathematical Creativity ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Creativity ◽  
Creativity Measure

Mathematical creativity is perceived as an increasingly important aspect of everyday life and, consequently, research has increased over the past decade. However, mathematical creativity has mainly been investigated in children and adolescents so far. Therefore, the first goal of the current study was to develop a mathematical creativity measure for adults (MathCrea) and to evaluate its reliability and construct validity in a sample of 100 adults. The second goal was to investigate how mathematical creativity is related to intelligence, mathematical competence, and general creativity. The MathCrea showed good reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the data fitted the assumed theoretical model, in which fluency, flexibility, and originality constitute first order factors and mathematical creativity a second order factor. Even though intelligence, mathematical competence, and general creativity were positively related to mathematical creativity, only numerical intelligence and general creativity predicted unique variance of mathematical creativity. Additional analyses separating quantitative and qualitative aspects of mathematical creativity revealed differential relationships to intelligence components and general creativity. This exploratory study provides first evidence that intelligence and general creativity are important predictors for mathematical creativity in adults, whereas mathematical competence seems to be not as important for mathematical creativity in adults as in children.

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