The CHIMERE v2020r1 online chemistry-transport model

The CHIMERE v2020r1 model replaces the v2017r5 version and provides numerous novelties. The most important of which is the online coupling with the WRF meteorological model, via the OASIS3-MCT external coupler. The model can still be used in offline mode; the online mode enables taking into account the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on meteorology. This coupling also enables using the meteorological parameters with sub-hourly time-steps. Some new parameterizations are implemented to increase the model performance and the user's choices: DMS emissions, additional schemes for SOA formation with VBS and H2O, improved schemes for mineral dust, biomass burning and sea-salt emissions. The NOx emissions from lightning is added. The model also includes the possibility to use the splitting-operator integration technique. The subgrid scale variability calculation of concentrations due to emission activity sectors is now possible. Finally, a new vertical advection scheme has been implemented, able to simulate more correctly long-range transport of thin pollutants plumes.

Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour

ABSTRACT Integration in operation theater (OT) usually refers to systems integration, which means functionally connecting the OT environment. It includes integration of patient information system, audio, video, surgical lights and room lights, building automation (HVAC), medical equipment, telemedicine, videoconferencing, etc. When integrated, all technology can be manipulated from a central command console by single operator. Integration in OT holds the key for effective application of minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery and functioning of hybrid OT. Apart from the conventional planning team for an OT, bringing on board an IT professional is a must for planning IT requirements. Integration in OT requires 15% more space than the conventional OT in order to accommodate the IT gadgets, i.e. walk-in technology room that would house teleconferencing and A/V equipment, blade-server computers, fiberoptic network electronics, teleconferencing and video conferencing equipment, audio-visual racks, etc. the level of integration can vary within an OT depending upon the user requirement. Space requirement for a general I-OT is about 60 m2, a cardiovascular I-OT or one that includes robotics may come up to 80 m2 or more, and I-OT with in-room imaging equipment requires at least 100 m2. Integration in OT not only increases the efficiency and patient safety in delivery of healthcare but can significantly increase efficiency and effectiveness both in teaching and research. How to cite this article Siddharth V, Kant S, Chandrashekhar R, Gupta SK. Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):123-128.