Static Torsion of a Magnetostrictive Bimorph with In-Plane Anisotropy

A model for the bending and twisting deformation of the giant magnetostrictive cantilever is established in the framework of the principle of minimal free energy and four-parameter bending regime. The angular and magnitude dependence of the torsion and flexion response on the external field was discussed for cantilever beam. The torsion behavior of the cantilever is very sensitive to the external field and shows a hysteresis. Furthermore, the torsion hysteresis of the cantilever calculated by our model qualitatively agrees with recent experimental result, which suggests that our model is effective in describing the cantilever system with magnetic anisotropy.

Stimulus–response relationships during locomotion

Crossed hind limb responses to high intensity stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve in the cat were studied under various conditions. In precollicularly decerebrate cats walking on a treadmill, the same stimulus train evokes a crossed extension response during the contralateral stance phase and a crossed flexion response during the contralateral swing phase. In acute spinal cats (Th13) injected with clonidine, a similar stimulus train can evoke a crossed extension response when the limb is manually placed in flexion and a crossed flexion response when the limb is positioned in extension. During "fictive" locomotion, induced in spinal paralyzed cats by nialamide and L-DOPA, the same stimulus may increase the amplitude and (or) the duration of crossed flexor or crossed extensor activity (in-phase responses). In some instances in these preparations, the crossed responses may be out-of-phase with the central rhythm. It is concluded that crossed hind limb responses during locomotion are selected by both central and peripheral mechanisms.

Pavlovian Inhibition of Delay in Cardiac and Somatic Responses in Dogs: Schizokinesis

A group of dogs were given a 42-sec. tone followed by shock and the emergence of conditional inhibition of delay in both the cardiac and flexion response systems monitored. All dogs manifested conditional flexion inhibition of delay while the cardiac conditional response varied. In some dogs, maximum heart-rate conditional acceleration occurred concomitantly with the flexion response, while in other dogs maximum cardiac conditional acceleration occurred during the first 20 sec. of the conditional signal for over 300 trials. These patterns were maintained during subsequent discriminative conditioning. These data were discussed in light of the theory of schizokinesis in classical conditioning.