Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciências Humanas
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Published By Scielo

2178-2547, 1981-8122

Author(s):  
Stéphen Rostain ◽  
Cristiana Barreto ◽  
Caroline Hamon ◽  
Magdalena Ruiz-Marmolejo ◽  
André Delpuech
Keyword(s):  

Abstract A large stone statue was brought from the Amazon to France in 1848 by the explorer Francis de Castelnau. It depicts a being, apparently human, squatting, with his hands on his chest. Now exhibited at the Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, this piece created a strong controversy since it was made public. In the mid-19th century, several Brazilian intellectuals strongly criticized the arrogant attitude of the Frenchman who had ‘looted’ their heritage. In reality, the reasons for this conflict are much deeper since they affect the very identity of the nation, then in formation. In any case, even a play was written to mock the explorer. This gave rise to doubts about the authenticity of the object, which has persisted to this day. The authors therefore studied the artifact to determine its cultural origin, while analyzing existing references to compare it with other pieces from the Amazon. They were thus able to validate the statue’s Amerindian identity, nearly 170 years after its discovery.


Author(s):  
Karolin Obert

Abstract References to landscape and places are central in traditional narratives by speakers of Dâw (Naduhup, Brazilian Amazon). This emphasis on spatial reference is primarily established through locative adverbial clauses that are often repeated throughout the discourse. Their function is to relate an event to a place, establish reference to locative information mentioned earlier in discourse, and provide cohesion when pre-posed to the main clause. In this syntactic position, they act as bridges connecting sentences and paragraphs by referring to antecedent context. Locative adverbial clauses in clause-initial position are interesting in Dâw because they can occur as exact replicas of a locative adverbial clause that was postposed to the main clause of the antecedent sentence. This strategy has been described in the literature as tail-head linkage. Its central function is to maintain coherence among participants and events along subsequent sentences in discourse and to ensure that the interlocutor is able to track the numerous locations mentioned in the narrative. This paper explores the functional and formal properties of tail-head linkage by focusing on locative adverbial clauses in Dâw, and contributes to the understanding of how processes of subordination can be responsible for tracking spatial information in the discourse of Dâw speakers.


Author(s):  
Hein van der Voort

Abstract In Aikanã and Kwaza, neighbouring endangered isolate languages of Rondônia, Brazil, sentences can include chains of medial clauses and end with a predicate in a matrix sentence mood, such as declarative, interrogative etc. In Kwaza, traditional narratives may even consist of a single long string of medial clauses, terminated by a fixed formula in the declarative mood. In both languages, subject (dis)continuity is expressed by a switch-reference system that indicates on the predicate of the current clause whether the subject of the next clause will be different or not. In this descriptive article I present similarities and differences between the systems of switch-reference in Aikanã and Kwaza. Among the differences, I discuss cases of formally marked switch-reference that appears to express topic discontinuity rather than subject discontinuity, in Kwaza. Also, I analyse the unusual anticipatory nature of the Kwaza system. As a special feature of this article I include two versions of a traditional mythological narrative, originally told in Aikanã and later retold in Kwaza, to illustrate clause chaining and switch-reference through a coherent and culturally relevant text.


Author(s):  
Luciana Storto ◽  
Karin Vivanco

Abstract This paper describes the behavior of the anaphoric element ta- in Karitiana (Arikém branch, Tupian family) showing that it is a third person anaphor which must be bound (c-commanded and coindexed) by an antecedent in the same sentence. ta- may occur as a possessor clitic attached to a nominal, or as a subject or object clitic attached to a verb. We show with elicited and spontaneous data that the Karitiana anaphor is subject oriented when occurring in embedded environments, being able to refer to the subject of the matrix clause or to the subject of an embedded clause in cases of multiple embedding. We analyze this lexical item as a medium-distance anaphor, following the definition of Reuland and Koster (1991). Logophoric uses of the ta- anaphor are also exemplified and briefly discussed.


Author(s):  
Kristina Balykova

Abstract Even though the distinction between nouns and verbs is generally considered to be universal, it has been argued for some languages of Northern North America that they lack this distinction. The main argument for such assertion is that in these languages lexemes denoting entities and lexemes denoting actions receive the same markers, when used as predicates. Guató, an isolate from South America, exhibits a similar phenomenon. In Guató, lexemes considered nouns receive the same subject markers as intransitive verbs do, when they occur in predicative function. Moreover, nouns and verbs share other morphosyntactic features. This article aims to describe and to compare the morphosyntactic behavior of Guató nouns and verbs, pointing out similarities and differences between them.


Author(s):  
Cyril Menta

Resumo Este artigo é uma contribuição à história da etnologia e à antropologia do conhecimento. Ele analisa parte da trajetória biográfica do antropólogo norte-americano William D. Hohenthal Jr., interessando-se particularmente pelas circunstâncias que levaram este autor a realizar uma pesquisa empírica junto aos povos indígenas do Nordeste do Brasil, na década de 1950. Hohenthal Jr. foi um pioneiro: até então, pouco se sabia sobre esses povos e era comumente aceito que não existiam mais índios nessa região. Ele publicou dados históricos e etnográficos essenciais para gerações de pesquisadores e para os povos de hoje. Uma análise sobre a troca de cartas entre William Hohenthal Jr. e Robert Lowie, principalmente, nos ajuda a entender a elaboração de seu projeto de pesquisa, sob vários pontos de vista inédito. Isso nos permite considerar tal pesquisa realizada sob o ângulo de uma construção minuciosa, de um projeto inovador que foi necessário defender. Hohenthal Jr. preparou essa pesquisa no Nordeste a partir de 1945, passou por mal-entendidos com Lowie, enfrentou a falta de conhecimentos de Wagley na atribuição de uma bolsa, entre muitas outras peripécias.


Author(s):  
Gabriela Alves Miranda ◽  
Gilberto Hochman

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a atuação dos médicos do Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia (SEMTA) na Batalha da Borracha durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O esforço de guerra e os acordos firmados com os Estados Unidos em 1942 implicaram o envio massivo de mão de obra brasileira para os seringais amazônicos. O artigo mostra como o processo de recrutamento e seleção de homens oriundos de diversas partes da região Nordeste para a extração de látex expressou e foi conformado por problemas históricos da sociedade brasileira: doença, desnutrição e analfabetismo. Esses médicos deveriam recrutar milhares de trabalhadores em uma população pobre e marcada pela seca e deles cuidar até a viagem para a Amazônia. O processo foi marcado por enorme pressão dos EUA, do governo federal e de governos nordestinos para que os médicos e as agências envolvidas cumprissem as metas acordadas, e também por críticas de setores econômicos pela diminuição da oferta de mão de obra barata no Nordeste. A atuação desses médicos é reveladora sobre as dramáticas condições de vida de homens nordestinos selecionados para uma marcha que os transformaria, heroica e tragicamente, em ‘soldados da borracha’.


Author(s):  
Rafael Milheira

Resumo Neste artigo, realizei uma análise espacial gerada em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfico (SIG) sobre o cenário de ocupação dos grupos construtores de cerritos no estuário da laguna dos Patos, extremo Sul do Brasil. Busquei analisar a intervisibilidade entre os distintos complexos de sítios arqueológicos da região, assim como a visibilidade a partir dos sítios em relação a uma rota de mobilidade aquática publicada em trabalho anterior. Com base nos dados analíticos, nas informações etnohistóricas sobre comunicação com uso de tecnologia de fogo e fumaça de grupos indígenas do Pampa e nas evidências arqueológicas que denotam a agência do mundo aquático no contexto dos cerritos, sugeri que o estuário da laguna dos Patos seria o foco de controle visual dos cerriteiros. O mundo aquático, em suas implicações econômicas e ideológicas, condicionaria a comunicação, o movimento de pessoas e o fluxo de coisas e ideias na paisagem lagunar.


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