Fabrication Methods of the Polygonal Masonry of Large Tightly Fitted Stone Blocks with Curved Surface Interfaces in Megalithic Structures of Peru

The article suggests methods that allow creating the most complicated type of polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The work provides a description of techniques, which apparently were used by builders who arrived from Europe. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph and replicas. The use of a reduced clay model and a pantograph provides not only the unique appearance and high quality of masonry with large blocks, but also allows to significantly increase the productivity of the builders. As machines scaling three-dimensional objects are known since the beginning of the 18th century, the stone structures under consideration should be dated by that and later time. The remaining simpler types of polygonal masonry with smaller stones or fitted surfaces are almost flat, or stones contact with each other by a small area, or there are significant gaps between stones, are quite consistent with the well-known methods of stone processing of those and earlier years, and, therefore, they do not require any additional explanations.

Optimization Design of Mix Proportion of Large Stone Permeable Mixture Based on Target Air Voids

Through theoretical analysis, this paper preliminarily puts forward the optimization design method of a mix proportion large stone permeable mixture based on target voidage. The optimized large stone permeable mixture is abbreviated as OLSPM (optimization large stone permeable mixture). On this basis, the asphalt content was verified by leakage analysis experiment, and the molding method was determined by comparing the volume parameter changes and the appearance of the specimen in the molding process of both a Marshall compaction test and rotary compaction test. The final experimental analysis results show that the asphalt content calculated by this method can meet the technical requirements of leakage loss. The rotary compaction method is the suitable molding method for indoor cylindrical specimens of OLSPM, and the voidage is used as the index to control the compac-tion times of OLSPM. Under the same voidage, OLSPM-25 has more fine aggregates and thus leads to a relatively large amount of asphalt. In addition, the content of 4.75–19 mm coarse aggregate in its coarse aggregate is also higher than that of LSPM-25.

Fabrication Methods of the Polygonal Masonry of Large Tightly Fitted Stone Blocks with Curved Surface Interfaces in Megalithic Structures of Peru

The article suggests methods that allow creating the most complicated type of polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The work provides a description of techniques, which apparently were used by builders who arrived from Europe. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph and replicas. The use of a reduced clay model and a pantograph provides not only the unique appearance and high quality of masonry with large blocks, but also allows to significantly increase the productivity of the builders. As machines copying three-dimensional objects are known since the 18th century, the stone structures under consideration should be dated by that and later time. The remaining simpler types of polygonal masonry with smaller stones or fitted surfaces are almost flat, or stones contact with each other by a small area, or there are significant gaps between stones, are quite consistent with the well-known methods of stone processing of those and earlier years, and, therefore, they do not require any additional explanations.

Fabrication Methods of the Polygonal Masonry of Large Stone Blocks With Fitted Curved Surfaces in Megalithic Structures of Peru

The article suggests methods that allow creating the most complicated type of polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The work provides a brief description of techniques, which apparently were used by builders who arrived from Europe. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph and replicas. The use of a reduced clay model and a pantograph provides not only the unique appearance and high quality of masonry with large blocks, but also allows to significantly increase the productivity of the builders. As the pantograph designed to work with three-dimensional objects has been known since the 18th century, the constructions under consideration should be dated by that and later time. The remaining simpler types of polygonal masonry with smaller stones or fitted surfaces are almost flat, or stones contact with each other by a small area, or there are significant gaps between stones, are quite consistent with the well-known methods of stone processing of those and earlier years, and, therefore, they do not require any additional explanations.

Situs Megalitik Tutari sebagai Sumber Inspirasi Penciptaan Koreografi Site-Specific “Tutari MegArt Lithic”

The Tutari Megalithic Site is a large stone age civilization site located in Doyo Lama Village, Waibu District, Jayapura Regency, Papua. Visually, on this site, there are stones with various motifs of prehistoric paintings on them. However, if it is studied in-depth, primarily through the perspective of choreography, this site has a broad potential to be a source of inspiration for creating works of art. Collaborating with previous research from the Papua Archeology Center, the creation of this Tutari MegArt Lithic artwork is focused on specific parts of the Tutari Megalithic site that can be used as inspiration for creating artworks. The method used in this writing is descriptive analysis. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how choreography can collaborate across disciplines in the creation of works of art staged at the Tutari archaeological site. This paper describes the sources of inspiration for creating site-specific choreographic works of art entitled Tutari MegArt Lithic, including visual inspiration, artistic inspiration and idea inspiration.Keywords: Tutari Megalithic Site; site-specific choreography; source of inspiration; painting motive

Early Neolithic Ritual Funerary Behaviours in the Westernmost Regions of the Mediterranean

An intact archaeological context named Locus 1 has recently been discovered at Dehesilla Cave (southern Spain). The ritual funerary deposition consists of a complete pottery jar with part of a human calvarium over the mouth, and was occulted by large stone blocks. This paper offers a presentation of the new data provided mainly by the stratigraphic, osteological, pottery, lithic and radiocarbon analyses. A systematic review of the relevant evidence in the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Neolithic (c. 5600–4800 cal BC) provides a context for this finding and supports its interpretation with reference to several possible anthropological scenarios.

Results of the integrated study of a large stone tool from the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I

The materials of many Paleolithic sites in Eurasia contain large stone objects. As a rule, they retain their natural shape without any signs of artificial modification. However, the presence of characteristic use-wear features (polishing, linear traces, micro- and macrodeformations) unambiguously indicates that these stones served as tools. Multidisciplinary research, including an experimental and traceological approach, as well as analysis of organic micro-residues, make it possible to distinguish among the unmodified stone tools those that were used for processing plant raw materials. One of such tools is a large stone found in the lower layer of the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I** (Crimea). The results obtained in the course of the study suggest that the inhabitants of the site used plant materials in their household activities, as well as allow us to describe in detail the ways of adaptation of ancient people to the natural environment of the Crimean peninsula.