Measuring Children's Social Functioning

Despite agreement that children's social functioning may be the best indicator of current and future behavioural and emotional problems, its measurement is under-developed. Measures of social functioning and psychopathology remain entangled, although this may be less critical clinically than in research. Confusion in terminology and definition is highlighted and clarified by tracing diverse but converging areas of research. Current measurement needs and approaches are presented along with six measures—each suited to different assessment needs. It is suggested that the next generation of instrument developers make use of findings from studies of social competence and motivation, focusing not only on social skills and deficits but also on beliefs and goals that lead to adaptive and maladaptive functioning.

The Social Competence of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of the Literature

This article reviews research conducted over the past 20 years on the social competence of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A substantial body of research suggests that children with ADHD experience significant interpersonal difficulties. The social competence of ADHD children is considered using three indices: typical social behaviours or social functioning, internal cognitive structures relating to the behaviours, and the products or outcomes of their social functioning. Possible mechanisms underlying their interpersonal difficulties are discussed. The article concludes by outlining the significance of these difficulties for later life outcomes, and emphasising the importance of uncovering the mechanisms by which these difficulties arise.