Reply to “Mirror Symmetry Breaking” of the Centrosymmetric CaCO3 Crystals with Amino Acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (20) ◽  
pp. 3741-3744
Author(s):  
Niklas Loges ◽  
Stephan E. Wolf ◽  
Martin Panthöfer ◽  
Lars Müller ◽  
Marc-Christopher Reinnig ◽  
...  
2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3683-3686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Loges ◽  
Stephan E. Wolf ◽  
Martin Panthöfer ◽  
Lars Müller ◽  
Marc-Christopher Reinnig ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohjin Kwon ◽  
Xiaoqian Cai ◽  
Azhar Saeed ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Silvio Poppe ◽  
...  

Achiral multi-chain (polycatenar) compounds based on the 2,7-diphenyl substituted [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) unit and a 2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trialkoxybenzoate end group lead to materials forming bicontinuous cubic liquid crystaline phases with helical network structures...


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloje M. Rakočević

Searching for the answer to the question why – in the generating of the genetic code – only mirror symmetrical left and not right amino acids (AAs) were selected, in a previous work we showed the existence of a double Boolean "triangle" in mirror symmetry, with superposition of the top vertices: 00 -11-22 / 22-11-00 → 00-11-22-11-00 [0 as 000; 1 as 001; 2 as 010] (Rakočević, 2019a). The resulting sequence, summed with the binary sequence of a 6-bit binary tree, split with a mirror in the middle (101/010) [as in Dirac's positron / electron mirror], results in a sequence of decimal number system: 02-13-24-16-05, where a smaller number (010 = 2) was added three times and a larger number (101 = 5) twice (Survey 1). The mirror image of the obtained decimal sequence (20-31-42-61-50) is 100% consistent with the arrangement of protein AAs, arranged according to strict chemical similarity (Rakočević, 2019a, Table 3). Starting from this result, the paper of which this is a supplement, presents new insights and new examples of mirror symmetry valid for the genetic code, showing that mirror symmetry is also in other respects an essential feature of the genetic code. In this Supplement are given the further new insights.


Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hochberg ◽  
Josep Ribó

Replicators are fundamental to the origin of life and evolvability. Biology exhibits homochirality: only one of two enantiomers is used in proteins and nucleic acids. Thermodynamic studies of chemical replicators able to lead to homochirality shed valuable light on the origin of homochirality and life in conformity with the underlying mechanisms and constraints. In line with this framework, enantioselective hypercyclic replicators may lead to spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) without the need for additional heterochiral inhibition reactions, which can be an obstacle for the emergence of evolutionary selection properties. We analyze the entropy production of a two-replicator system subject to homochiral cross-catalysis which can undergo SMSB in an open-flow reactor. The entropy exchange with the environment is provided by the input and output matter flows, and is essential for balancing the entropy production at the non-equilibrium stationary states. The partial entropy contributions, associated with the individual elementary flux modes, as defined by stoichiometric network analysis (SNA), describe how the system’s internal currents evolve, maintaining the balance between entropy production and exchange, while minimizing the entropy production after the symmetry breaking transition. We validate the General Evolution Criterion, stating that the change in the chemical affinities proceeds in a way as to lower the value of the entropy production.


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