Kinetics of the isotrop-nematic phase transition in liquid crystals. I. Nucleation theory of phase transition

1987 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Oranth ◽  
Frank Strohbusch
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of the nematic phase growth across the isotropic-nematic phase transition in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Bronnikov ◽  
Carmen Racles ◽  
Vasile Cozan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals ◽  
Polymer Dispersed ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Synthesis of 4-Chloro-1,3-Diazobenzene Bent-Cores Liquid Crystals and Characterizations of Their Mesogenic Behaviors and Photoisomerization Phenomena

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinying Lu ◽  
Zelong Zhang ◽  
Daoren Yan ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Jintao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Molecular Dipole ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Terminal Chain

<p></p><p>Azobenzene-based bent-core liquid crystals demonstrate a variety of mesomorphic behaviors and photochromic properties which are desirable for optical switching. Nowadays azobenzene-based bent-core liquid crystal (ABLC) compounds usually exhibit at least one of the following traits which are unfavorable for practical applications: (1) narrow temperature windows of nematic phases, (2) high phase transition temperature, and (3) long period of light stimulation to reach photostationary states. In this study, a series of ABLC compounds <b>4a–4g</b> were synthesized by adding azo functional groups and chlorine substituent to the central bent-cores to form 4-chloro-1,3-dizaophenylene bent-cores. These ABLC compounds were characterized by i. fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) for their structures, ii. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) for their mesogenic properties, and iii. ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and POM for their photosensitivity. The experimental results show that all compounds exhibited broad temperature windows of mesogenic phases. In particular, compound <b>4c</b> showed a broad temperature window of 63.8 °C for nematic phase. Molecular simulations indicate that the molecular dipole moments of compounds <b>4a–4g</b> are closely associated with the temperatures of Sm – N phase transition and temperature ranges of nematic phases. In addition, simulation results reveal that the terminal alkyl chains exhibit a diphasic effect on the molecular polarity: extending the terminal chain can initially reduce and then increase the molecular dipole moments due to the severe structural disorder of overly extended terminal chain. These findings indicate that the intermolecular forces play a vital role in shaping the mesogenic behavior of ABLCs. Comprehensive characterizations of photochromatic properties show that <b>4c</b> was highly photosensitive and displayed rapid photoisomerization processes. At room temperature, compound <b>4c </b>dissolved in ethyl acetate solution can reach photostationary state in 10 seconds. At 95 °C, compound <b>4c</b> in nematic phase became isotropic liquid under UV-irradiation in 3 seconds due to the forward <i>trans – cis</i> photoisomerization and can be restored to be nematic under natural visible light in 5 seconds because of the backward <i>cis – trans</i> photoisomerization. This study linking the mechanistic details with mesogenic properties provides valuable insights to improve future design of azobenzene bent-core liquid crystals for practical applications especially in photonic applications.</p><p><br></p><p>Pertinent molecular structure files (mol2) can be downloaded from</p><p><a href="https://github.com/er1czz/ABLC">https://github.com/er1czz/ABLC</a><br></p><p></p>

scholarly journals Order Parameters, Orientational Distribution Functions and Heliconical Tilt Angles of Oligomeric Liquid Crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mandle ◽  
John W. Goodby
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Order Parameters ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Orientational Distribution

We compare the order parameters, orientational distribution functions (ODF) and heliconical tilt angles of the TB phase exhibited by a liquid-crystalline dimer (CB7CB) to a tetramer (O47) and hexamer (O67) by SAXS/WAXS. Following the N-TB phase transition we find that all order parameters decrease, and while 〈P2 〉 remains positive 〈P4 〉 becomes negative. For all three materials the order parameter 〈P6 〉 is near zero in both phases. The ODF is sugarloaf-like in the nematic phase and volcano-like in the TB phase, allowing us to estimate the heliconical tilt angle of each material and its thermal evolution. The heliconical tilt angle appears to be largely independent of the material studied despite the differing number of mesogenic units.

Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transition in Liquid Crystals

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-peng Fan ◽  
Michael J. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Nematic Phase

Molecular Ordering in Nematic MBCA and EPAPU

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
S. Sreehari Sastry ◽  
V. Venkata Rao ◽  
P. Narayana Murty ◽  
G. Satyanandam ◽  
T. F. Sundar Raj
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Spin Probe ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystals ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
First Order ◽  
Molecular Ordering

AbstractBy EPR, two nematic liquid crystals (MBCA and EPAPU) were investigated using a steroidal nitroxide spin probe. In both liquid crystals the isotropic-nematic phase transition is of first order. The observed variation of the order parameter with temperature is compared with predictions from the Maier-Saupe and Humphries-James-Luckhurst models and with results obtained by several other experimental techniques.

scholarly journals Morphology and Kinetics of the Isotropic−Nematic Phase Transition in Dispersions of Hard Rods

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2256-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. B. van Bruggen ◽  
J. K. G. Dhont ◽  
H. N. W. Lekkerkerker
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Hard Rods ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of the growth of the ordered phase at isotropic liquid-nematic phase transition in mesomorphic dimers

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2091-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Zuev ◽  
S. V. Kostromin ◽  
S. V. Bronnikov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Isotropic Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of
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