Characterizing facial features in individuals with craniofacial microsomia: A systematic approach for clinical research

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Heike ◽  
Erin Wallace ◽  
Matthew L. Speltz ◽  
Babette Siebold ◽  
Martha M. Werler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Craniofacial Microsomia

Approaches and Informatics Tools to Assist in the Integration of Similar Clinical Research Questionnaires

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Cohen ◽  
M. A. Shifman ◽  
P. L. Miller ◽  
P. M. Nadkarni ◽  
S. J. Frawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Data Heterogeneity ◽  
Informatics Tools

Summary Objective: The integration of similar clinical research questionnaires is a complex process that can benefit from informatics approaches and tools that provide a systematic structure for performing mapping and integration. This systematic approach is necessary to address complex issues in integration such as data heterogeneity, differing levels of granularity of questions and responses, and other issues involving semantic differences. Informatics tools and approaches have been successfully applied to various standard clinical vocabulary integration processes but not for questionnaire integration or mapping. Methods: A systematic approach to questionnaire integration was developed in the context of a collaboration of researchers using Trial/DB, a database designed to support clinical research. This approach was applied to the integration of questionnaires involving breast cancer risk factors from each of three research sites. Results: From 375 questions on the three original questionnaires, we identified 65 concepts that were measured by two or three of the sites. An algorithm was developed and used to formalize the process of mapping questions and answers across the questionnaires. The approach was applied to previously collected data and prospective data in disparate database systems to import and merge the data from these three sites into Trial/DB. Conclusion: Informatics tools that support a systematic approach to mapping questionnaires can be used throughout the research process from questionnaire integration and creation, legacy data integration to data library maintenance and curation.

Development of the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale for Clinical Research: A Systematic Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hay ◽  
Brock University ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Habitual Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Activity Estimation

An understanding of the habitual physical activity levels of children with chronic disorders is an important consideration relevant to both treatment and clinical monitoring (8). However, a feasible and useful tool for measuring the physical activity levels of children with chronic illness in clinical settings is not readily available. In this article, we review the development and initial psychometric testing (i.e., construct and reliability) of the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES), a measure developed for use in clinical research. A summary of these investigations suggests that the HAES appears both valid and reliable as a measure of activity in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals The Path to Contentless Experience in Meditation: An Evidence Synthesis Based on Expert Texts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Woods ◽  
Jennifer Windt ◽  
Olivia Carter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Meditation Technique ◽  
Key Dimensions

In contentless experience (sometimes termed pure consciousness) there is an absence of mental content such as thoughts, perceptions, and mental images. The path to contentless experience in meditation can be taken to comprise the meditation technique, and the experiences (“interim-states”) on the way to the contentless “goal-state/s”. Shamatha, Transcendental, and Stillness Meditation are each said to access contentless experience, but the path to that experience in each practice is not yet well understood from a scientific perspective. We have employed evidence synthesis to select and review 135 expert texts from those traditions. In this paper we describe the techniques and interim-states based on the expert texts and compare them across the practices on key dimensions. Superficially, Shamatha and Transcendental Meditation appear very different to Stillness Meditation in that they require bringing awareness to a meditation object. The more detailed and systematic approach taken in this paper indicates that posturally Shamatha is closer to Stillness Meditation, and that on several other dimensions Shamatha is quite different to both other practices. In particular, Shamatha involves greater measures to cultivate attentional stability and vividness on an object, greater focusing, less tolerance of mind-wandering, more monitoring, and more deliberate doing/control. Achieving contentless experience in Shamatha is much slower, more difficult, and less frequent. The findings have important implications for consciousness, neuroscientific, and clinical research and practice.

Another look at behavioral sciences in dentistry: perspectives on collaborative clinical research

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 448-452
Author(s):  
LA Tedesco ◽  
JE Albino ◽  
WM Feagans ◽  
RS Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Behavioral Sciences

Clinical Research Updates 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Madalena Walsh ◽  
Nan Bernstein Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research

Reading Longer Words: Insights Into Multisyllabic Word Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Heggie ◽  
Lesly Wade-Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Grade 3

Students with persistent reading difficulties are often especially challenged by multisyllabic words; they tend to have neither a systematic approach for reading these words nor the confidence to persevere (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Carlisle & Katz, 2006; Moats, 1998). This challenge is magnified by the fact that the vast majority of English words are multisyllabic and constitute an increasingly large proportion of the words in elementary school texts beginning as early as grade 3 (Hiebert, Martin, & Menon, 2005; Kerns et al., 2016). Multisyllabic words are more difficult to read simply because they are long, posing challenges for working memory capacity. In addition, syllable boundaries, word stress, vowel pronunciation ambiguities, less predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and morphological complexity all contribute to long words' difficulty. Research suggests that explicit instruction in both syllabification and morphological knowledge improve poor readers' multisyllabic word reading accuracy; several examples of instructional programs involving one or both of these elements are provided.

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