Changes of anatomical nomenclature must be deliberate: The female external genitalia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kachlik
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Female External Genitalia

TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH UROLOGICAL INJURIES

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD B. GOLDMAN ◽  
CHARLES B. IDOM ◽  
ROGER R. DMOCHOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Urological Injuries ◽  
Female External Genitalia

The use of dermatoscopy to differentiate vestibular papillae, a normal variant of the female external genitalia, from condyloma acuminata

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Han Kim ◽  
Sang-Hee Seo ◽  
Hyun-Chang Ko ◽  
Kyung-Sool Kwon ◽  
Moon-Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Normal Variant ◽  
Female External Genitalia

46, XY Disorder of Sexual Development with Ambiguous Female External Genitalia: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Sah ◽  
Bipin Maharjan ◽  
Mahesh Bahadur Adhikari ◽  
Suman Baral ◽  
Mimi Giri
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Disorder Of Sexual Development ◽  
Insufficiency Syndrome ◽  
Atypical Development ◽  
Female External Genitalia

Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) is a group of congenital conditions with atypical development of sex at chromosomal, gonadal or anatomic level. Genetic males with DSD (46 XY DSD) can present with female external genital phenotype, ambiguous, or a micropenis. It is caused by incomplete intrauterine masculinization with or without the presence of Müllerian structures. It results either from decreased synthesis of testosterone or DHT or from impairment of androgen action. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year child raised as female with hoarseness of voice and gradual enlargement of clitoris with hormonal assessment not suggestive of either 5 Alfa Reductase deficiency, Congenital Adrenal Insufficiency Syndrome or 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase deficiency

Preferences in the Aesthetic Appearance of the Female External Genitalia

Anaplastology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Salgado ◽  
Lydia A Fein MPH
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Female External Genitalia

scholarly journals Sex-Determining Gene(s) on Distal 9p: Clinical and Molecular Studies in Six Cases*

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Muroya ◽  
Torayuki Okuyama ◽  
Keiji Goishi ◽  
Yoshifumi Ogiso ◽  
Shin Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Female Case ◽  
Dm Domain ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Male External Genitalia ◽  
Female External Genitalia

Abstract We report on clinical and molecular findings in five karyotypic males (cases 1–5) and one karyotypic female (case 6) with distal 9p monosomy. Cases 1–3 and 6 had female external genitalia, case 4 showed ambiguous external genitalia, and case 5 exhibited male external genitalia with left cryptorchidism and right intrascrotal testis. Gonadal explorations at gonadectomy in cases 3 and 4 revealed that case 3 had left streak gonad and right agonadism, and case 4 had bilateral hypoplastic testes. Endocrine studies in cases 1–4 and 6 showed that cases 1, 3, and 6 had definite primary hypogonadism, with basal FSH levels of 54, 39, and 41 IU/L, respectively, whereas case 2 with severe malnutrition was unremarkable for the baseline values, and case 4 had fairly good testicular function. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analyses demonstrated that all cases had hemizygosity of the 9p sex-determining region distal to D9S1779, with loss of the candidate sex-determining genes DMRT1 and DMRT2 from the abnormal chromosome 9. Sequence analysis in cases 1–4 and 6 showed that they had normal sequences of each exon of DMRT1 and the DM domain of DMRT2 on the normal chromosome 9, and that cases 1–4 had normal SRY sequence. The results provide further support for the presence of a sex-determining gene(s) on distal 9p and favor the possibility of DMRT1 and/or DMRT2 being the sex-determining gene(s). Furthermore, as hemizygosity of the 9p sex-determining region was associated with a wide spectrum of gonadogenesis from agonadism to testis formation in karyotypic males and with primary hypogonadism regardless of karyotypic sex, it is inferred that haploinsufficiency of the 9p sex-determining gene(s) primarily hinders the formation of indifferent gonad, leading to various degrees of defective testis formation in karyotypic males and impaired ovary formation in karyotypic females.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological Profile of Women with Non-venereal Vulval Diseases: A Hospital-based Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Smita Joshi ◽  
Shristi Shrestha ◽  
Anshumala Joshi
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinic ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Female External Genitalia ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Intorduction: Vulval disorders can be of venereal and non-venereal etiology. Establishing non-venereal causation of vulval disorder helps in alleviating fears in patients with the condition. These patients are better dealt in a multidisciplinary clinic as patients with these disorders frequently visit dermatologists and gynecologists for the treatment. Objectives: To study the clinico-demographic profile of women with non-venereal vulval disorders and to determine their relative frequency. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study done at the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. All consenting female patients with problems pertaining to female external genitalia were recruited for the study after excluding venereal diseases. Details of the patients were obtained and entered in a predesigned proforma. Results: Seventy-five females were recruited during a period of 20 months with a mean age of 34.79±17.90 years. Majority were married, uneducated and homemakers. Duration of disease ranged from 3 days to 35 years. Itching was the commonest presenting complaint (82.67%) followed by redness (32.00%), burning sensation (26.67%), white lesions (24.00%) and pain (24.00%). Commonest diagnosis was lichen sclerosus (17.33%), followed by candidiasis (14.67%). Patients presenting with vulval symptoms without lesions were diagnosed with non-specific vulval pruritus (9.33%) and vulvodynia (2.67%). Conclusion: Itching is the most common presenting complaint and contrary to the popular belief, inflammatory disorders especially lichen sclerosus, rather than infections were common diagnoses in females with non-venereal vulval disorders.

Two different patterns of mini-puberty in two 46,XY newborns with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Korcan Demir ◽  
Melek Yıldız ◽  
Özlem Nalbantoğlu Elmas ◽  
Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz ◽  
Selma Tunç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Disorder Of Sexual Development ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Female External Genitalia

AbstractWe report two newborns with female external genitalia and bilateral inguinal swelling who were diagnosed with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency, a rare cause of 46,XY disorder of sexual development. The first case had normal clitoral size and vaginal and urethral openings, palpable gonads in the inguinal region, low testosterone, and low levels of basal and GNRH-stimulated gonadotropin. The second case had similar external genitalia, low testosterone but borderline basal and normal stimulated gonadotropin levels. Low testosterone/androstenedione ratios (0.22 and 0.24, respectively; normal, >0.8) after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation indicated 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency.

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