Effects of preemergence herbicides on establishment of little bluestem and sideoats grama golf course rough

There is great interest in prairie gardens and prairie restorations in the central United States. Small prairie gardens are often established with plugs, but most restorationists and landscape contractors use seed for large plantings. If initial establishment is poor, restorations are often interseeded the second or third season. However, to evaluate early establishment and determine if interseeding is necessary, contractors must be able to identify native grasses in the seedling and juvenile stages. In this study we investigated vegetative characteristics of native prairie grass seedlings. Seven species of native prairie grass were grown in the greenhouse: Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Panicum virgatum (switch grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Bouteloua curtipendula (sideoats grama), Elymus canadensis (Canada wildrye), and Bromus kalmii (Kalmís brome). Every 2 to 3 weeks after germination, seedlings were photographed, pressed, and mounted. Additional photographs were taken through the dissecting scope at key stages of development. Ligules and auricles were found to be useful in distinguishing species, and our close-up photographs highlight these structures. Hairiness and color were variable within a species and could not be used reliably in identification. A seedling identification key will be presented for the species studied.

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Use of Prodiamine as a Preemergence Herbicide to Control Annual Bluegrass in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.9.1.131c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 131c-132

Author(s):

Peter H. Dernoeden

Keyword(s):

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Golf Course ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

Control Data ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Germination Period ◽

Mature Stand ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is an intractable weed problem on golf courses. Much has been written about annual bluegrass, but there is little documentation of regional germination period(s) and the proper timing of preemergence herbicides targeted for the control of the annual biotype (P. annua ssp. annua [L.] Timm. = AB). The objectives of this field study were to determine the optimum prodiamine rate and timing for effective AB control. The turf was a mature stand of `Kenblue' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) maintained under conditions similar to those imposed for golf course roughs. Three rates of prodiamine (0.36, 0.73, and 1.1 kg·ha-1) were applied on three dates in 1995 (11 Aug., 14 Sept., and 13 Oct.) and 1996 (29 Aug., 16 and 30 Sept.). All rates applied 11 Aug. or 14 Sept. 1995, and 29 Aug. or 16 Sept. 1996 effectively controlled AB. None of the rates applied 13 Oct. 1995 reduced AB cover, and the 0.36 kg·ha-1 rate applied 30 Sept. 1996 provided relatively poor AB control. Data and observations indicated that the major germination period for AB was between late September and early December. Effective AB control was achieved whenever prodiamine, regardless of rate, was applied between mid-August and mid-September. These prodiamine rates and this application window may be effective only in relatively high cut turf (i.e., >5.0 cm) in the mid-Atlantic region. Chemical names used: O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).

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Maximizing ‘Cimarron’ Little Bluestem Establishment as Secondary Rough for a Golf Course

Applied Turfgrass Science ◽

10.1094/ats-2007-0802-01-rs ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Victor L. Maddox ◽

J. Michael Goatley ◽

H. Wayne Philley ◽

Barry Stewart ◽

D. Wayne Wells

Keyword(s):

Golf Course ◽

Little Bluestem

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The Effect of Prescribed Burning at Different Fuel Moisture Levels on Vegetation and Soils of Grasslands in Wind Cave National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1978.2121 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 167-169

Author(s):

F. Gartner

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Warm Season ◽

Fuel Moisture ◽

Big Bluestem ◽

Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Little Bluestem ◽

Sideoats Grama

One of the major grassland communities in Wind Cave National Park is the little bluestem - big bluestem - sideoats grama (Schizachyrium scoparius-Andropogon gerardi-Bouteloua curtipendula) Community. The effects of fire on the components of this plant community were deemed important because: 1) this warm season community occupies a significant portion of the grasslands of the Park; 2) the community occurs on soils that are usually shallow, rocky, and weakly developed and are, therefore, highly susceptible to erosion if the plant cover is reduced by fire; and 3) previous pilot studies have indicated a wide variation in response to fire by the major components of this community, possibly due to variations in fuel and soil moisture at the time of ignition.

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Use of Prodiamine as a Preemergence Herbicide to Control Annual Bluegrass in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.5.845 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 845-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter H. Dernoeden

Keyword(s):

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Golf Course ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

Control Data ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Germination Period ◽

Mature Stand ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is an intractable weed problem on golf courses. Much has been written about annual bluegrass, but there is little documentation of regional germination period(s) and the proper timing of preemergence herbicides targeted for the control of the annual biotype (P. annua ssp. annua [L.] Timm.=AB). The objectives of this field study were to determine the optimum prodiamine rate and timing for effective AB control. The turf was a mature stand of `Kenblue' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) maintained under conditions similar to those imposed for golf course roughs. Three rates of prodiamine (0.36,0.73, and 1.1 kg·ha-1) were applied on three dates in 1995 (11 Aug., 14 Sept., and 13 Oct.) and 1996 (29 Aug., 16 and 30 Sept.). All rates applied 11 Aug. or 14 Sept. 1995, and 29 Aug. or 16 Sept. 1996 effectively controlled AB. None of the rates applied 13 Oct. 1995 reduced AB cover, and the 0.36 kg·ha-1 rate applied 30 Sept. 1996 provided relatively poor AB control. Data and observations indicated that the major germination period for AB was between late September and early December. Effective AB control was achieved whenever prodiamine, regardless of rate, was applied between mid-August and mid-September. These prodiamine rates and this application window may be effective only in relatively high cut turf (i.e., >5.0 cm) in the mid-Atlantic region. Chemical names used: O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).

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