scholarly journals Use of Prodiamine as a Preemergence Herbicide to Control Annual Bluegrass in Kentucky Bluegrass

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131c-132
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is an intractable weed problem on golf courses. Much has been written about annual bluegrass, but there is little documentation of regional germination period(s) and the proper timing of preemergence herbicides targeted for the control of the annual biotype (P. annua ssp. annua [L.] Timm. = AB). The objectives of this field study were to determine the optimum prodiamine rate and timing for effective AB control. The turf was a mature stand of `Kenblue' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) maintained under conditions similar to those imposed for golf course roughs. Three rates of prodiamine (0.36, 0.73, and 1.1 kg·ha-1) were applied on three dates in 1995 (11 Aug., 14 Sept., and 13 Oct.) and 1996 (29 Aug., 16 and 30 Sept.). All rates applied 11 Aug. or 14 Sept. 1995, and 29 Aug. or 16 Sept. 1996 effectively controlled AB. None of the rates applied 13 Oct. 1995 reduced AB cover, and the 0.36 kg·ha-1 rate applied 30 Sept. 1996 provided relatively poor AB control. Data and observations indicated that the major germination period for AB was between late September and early December. Effective AB control was achieved whenever prodiamine, regardless of rate, was applied between mid-August and mid-September. These prodiamine rates and this application window may be effective only in relatively high cut turf (i.e., >5.0 cm) in the mid-Atlantic region. Chemical names used: O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).

scholarly journals Use of Prodiamine as a Preemergence Herbicide to Control Annual Bluegrass in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is an intractable weed problem on golf courses. Much has been written about annual bluegrass, but there is little documentation of regional germination period(s) and the proper timing of preemergence herbicides targeted for the control of the annual biotype (P. annua ssp. annua [L.] Timm.=AB). The objectives of this field study were to determine the optimum prodiamine rate and timing for effective AB control. The turf was a mature stand of `Kenblue' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) maintained under conditions similar to those imposed for golf course roughs. Three rates of prodiamine (0.36,0.73, and 1.1 kg·ha-1) were applied on three dates in 1995 (11 Aug., 14 Sept., and 13 Oct.) and 1996 (29 Aug., 16 and 30 Sept.). All rates applied 11 Aug. or 14 Sept. 1995, and 29 Aug. or 16 Sept. 1996 effectively controlled AB. None of the rates applied 13 Oct. 1995 reduced AB cover, and the 0.36 kg·ha-1 rate applied 30 Sept. 1996 provided relatively poor AB control. Data and observations indicated that the major germination period for AB was between late September and early December. Effective AB control was achieved whenever prodiamine, regardless of rate, was applied between mid-August and mid-September. These prodiamine rates and this application window may be effective only in relatively high cut turf (i.e., >5.0 cm) in the mid-Atlantic region. Chemical names used: O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).

SELECTIVE CONTROL OF ANNUAL BLUEGRASS IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF WITH LINURON

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. INGRATTA ◽  
G. R. STEPHENSON ◽  
C. M. SWITZER
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control

Optimum top growth of annual bluegrass (Pao annua L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was obtained at 24/12 °C day/night temperature regime in controlled environment studies. The tolerance of seedling Kentucky bluegrass to linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1)methylurea] appeared to be greatest at this temperature regime when photoperiods were 16 h in length. A granular formulation of linuron gave excellent control of annual bluegrass in Kentucky bluegrass turf at 6.7 kg/ha when applied postemergence. At this rate, all culitivars of Kentucky bluegrass tested, with the exception of Fylking, were tolerant to linuron as a granular formulation. After application of linuron at 3.4–6.7 kg/ha, phytotoxic residues remained in the soil at sufficient levels to injure seedling Kentucky bluegrass for up to 3 mo.

scholarly journals Control of the Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway in Ashland County, Oh, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
K. T. Power ◽  
D. J. Shetlar ◽  
H. D. Niemczyk ◽  
M. G. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The study was located on a golf course fairway at Jeromesville. Insecticides were applied 16 Jun to plots 8 × 10 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The experimental area was irrigated approximately V* inch after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. BTA: eggs and 1st instars present, no pretreatment count. Turf: level, light dew, IVs inch height, 40% perennial ryegrass, 30% Kentucky bluegrass, 30% annual bluegrass. Thatch: dense, moist, % inch. Soil: moist, 66°F at 1 inch and 67°F at 3 inch. Weather: sunny, 65°F, 0-5 mph. Water: pH 6.5. Efficacy data taken 6 Jul (20 DAT) were based on the number of live BTA larvae and pupae in 6, 4Vt inch in diam samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Turf with Linuron

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hall ◽  
C. Ken Carey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Severe Reduction

Effects of linuron on annual bluegrass control and Kentucky bluegrass cultivar tolerance were studied in field and growth chamber experiments. In controlled environment experiments, linuron at 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 kg ai ha-1 was applied to pure stands of annual bluegrass and eight Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Linuron at the two highest rates controlled annual bluegrass, reducing the clipping dry weight by more than 85% 4 wk after treatment, and by 65 to 92% 6 wk after treatment. Growth of Kentucky bluegrass was reduced with the most severe reduction occurring 2 wk after linuron application. All cultivars exhibited normal growth 8 wk after treatment. In field experiments, linuron at rates from 1.5 to 2.0 kg ai ha-1 controlled annual bluegrass in old (> 5 yr) Kentucky bluegrass stands, and in 16 cultivars of 1-yr and 2-yr-old Kentucky bluegrass stands, with little or no damage. At rates of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg ai ha-1 linuron, damage to newly seeded cultivars was moderate to severe. However, 6 to 7 wk after linuron application to newly seeded cultivars, stand density and turf quality were equivalent to untreated checks.

scholarly journals Cool-season Turfgrass Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fine Fescue

Previous research has demonstrated that bispyribac-sodium can selectively control established annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Annual bluegrass is also a problematic weed in other cool-season turfgrass species. However, the relative tolerance of other cool-season turfgrass species to bispyribac is not known. Field experiments were conducted at Adelphia, N.J., in 2002 and 2003 to gain understanding of the phytotoxic effects that bispyribac may have on kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb.), and chewings fine fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.). Single applications of bispyribac at 37 to 296 g·ha–1 were applied to mature stands of each species on 11 June, 2002 and 10 June, 2003. Visual injury was evaluated and clippings were collected 35 and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Visual injury at 35 DAT increased as bispyribac rate increased. Kentucky bluegrass was least tolerant to bispyribac with up to 28% injury when applied at 296 g·ha–1. Injury on other species did not exceed 20%. Initial injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue was primarily in the form of chlorosis, while kentucky bluegrass exhibited more severe stunting and thinning symptoms. Bispyribac at rates from 74 to 296 g·ha–1 reduced kentucky bluegrass clipping weights by 19% to 35%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control at 35 DAT in 2002. Initial visual injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue dissipated to ≤5% by 70 DAT. However, recovery of kentucky bluegrass was less complete. These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium has potential to severely injure kentucky bluegrass. Injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue appears to be less severe and persistent; therefore, bispyribac can be used for weed control in these species. Chemical names used: 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac-sodium).

Combinations of MSMA with Preemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Combinations of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) with bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide], DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), or prosulfalin {N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine} were applied at various dates of treatment to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) in the spring for large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] control. Bensulide controlled a higher percentage of weeds than did DCPA, regardless of treatment dates. When treatments were delayed until late April in Griffin and mid May in Blairsville, Georgia, large crabgrass control was improved from combinations of MSMA with bensulide compared to bensulide alone. Combinations of MSMA with DCPA improved large crabgrass control when applied in March and April at Griffin and in May at Blairsville. Combinations of MSMA with either bensulide or DCPA performed equally well whether applied as a single tank-mix treatment or as separate applications on the same day. Large crabgrass control was not improved at any date from combinations of MSMA with prosulfalin when compared with prosulfalin alone.

The Response of Kentucky Bluegrass to Soil Residues of Preemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Smith ◽  
L. M. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Root Regrowth ◽  
Herbicide Residue ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Soil Level

Common Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod-plugs were grown in the greenhouse in soil freshly treated with 11 herbicides and in soil collected from the 0 to 2 and 2 to 4-inch depths of field plots treated 10 months earlier with the same herbicides. Fresh herbicide treatments reduced significantly the root regrowth of the bluegrass plants. The 12-lb/A rate of the fresh application of 1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea (siduron) caused the least chemical inhibition of root regrowth. The most phytotoxic fresh applications were 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine), both killing the bluegrass plants at the 4 lb /A rate. Root regrowth of bluegrass grown in the herbicide residue samples was significantly reduced for all treatments. Herbicides which tended to persist in the 0 to 2-inch soil level and were most phytotoxic to root regrowth were simazine, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (hereinafter referred to as bandane), N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide S-(O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate) (bensulide), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl-methylcarbamate (terbutol). Those herbicides which tended to leach into the 2 to 4-inch soil level and cause the greatest reduction of root regrowth were N-butyl-N-ethyl-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), atrazine, and O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate (DMPA). Herbicides which tended to leach uniformly throughout the 0 to 2 and 2 to 4-inch soil layers were siduron, an equal mixture of 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-indanyl ethyl ketone and 1,1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-7-indanyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter referred to as sin-done), and dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloroterephthalate (DCPA).

Role of Endothall in the Control of Annual Bluegrass in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Turgeon ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Underlying Soil ◽  
Sand Cultures

Endothall (7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) was evaluated for controlling annual bluegrass(Poa annuaL.) infestations in Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis stoloniferaL.) turfs. Growth of annual bluegrass was selectively suppressed by three applications of 0.6 kg/ha of endothall, two or three applications of 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha, and one application of 4.5 kg/ha made to the single plant sand cultures. Field treatments were variable and seasonably dependent. Endothall selectively killed annual bluegrass when applied to roots in sand culture at a concentration of 2.7 × 10−4molar. A granular formulation of endothall provided selective control of annual bluegrass in field and greenhouse studies. High watering frequency prior to application, low organic matter content of the underlying soil, and predominance of the annual biotype of annual bluegrass enhanced the selective action at the lowest rates of endothall application.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Insecticides Applied After Egg Hatch for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway in Richland County, Ohio, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
K. T. Power ◽  
D. J. Shetlar ◽  
H. D. Niemczyk ◽  
M. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plot Analysis

Abstract The study was located on a golf course fairway at Twin Lakes Golf in Mansfield, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 14 Aug to plots 10 X 10 ft (3.1 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied with a shaker jar. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer and Teejer™ XR8006VS nozzles at 25 psi (1.76 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). The area received approximately Vi ½ inch (13 mm) posttreatment irrigation with the golf course irrigation system after the sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at treatment date were as follows: Japanese beetles: first instar larvae present; Turf: mostly level, dry, 1 l¼ inch (3.2 cm) ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% annual bluegrass, no thatch; Soil: moist, 72°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 76°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: sunny, 78°F, 0-5 mph (0-8 kph) wind. Efficacy data taken 26 Sep (43 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in six samples 7X7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on the log (X+l) of plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.

INFLUENCE OF MOWING ON LEAF AND TILLER ORIENTATION OF TURFGRASSES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. EGGENS
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Prostrate Growth

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a major grass weed on athletic fields. Since mowing modifies interspecies competitive ability, a program was initiated to determine if any morphological adaptations to mowing occur which might enable Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to compete more successfully with annual bluegrass. Changes in leaf and tiller orientation of 11 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and annual bluegrass in response to mowing or not mowing were measured. The mowing treatment consisted of clipping the grasses at 2, 3, 4 or 5 cm. For the 12 grasses there was a significant increase in leaf angle at the 2- and 3-cm mowing height. The increase was not consistent for all grasses and mowing treatments. Leaf angle was not related to the ability of the cultivars to compete with annual bluegrass. The grasses became more prostrate when mowed. While Kentucky bluegrass cultivars with the most prostrate growth habit have been shown to be more competitive with annual bluegrass, growth habit does not appear to be sufficiently important to be the main criterion for choosing Kentucky bluegrass cultivars for use in regularly irrigated, close clipped athletic fields.

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