ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrochlorination of Chloroethanes by Phase Transfer Catalysis with Polyglycols, Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Crown Ethers.

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. SIROVSKII ◽  
YU. A. TREGER ◽  
M. V. PANOVA ◽  
A. V. VORONKINA
Keyword(s):  
Crown Ethers ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Esterification of 1,4-dichlorobutane with sodium formate under solid–liquid phase transfer catalysis. A kinetic study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Zahalka ◽  
Yoel Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Solid Liquid

Kinetic data are reported regarding the esterification of 1,4-dichlorobutane with sodium formate catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salts as a model for reactions in series, under solid–liquid phase transfer conditions. The process was found to follow a consecutive first-order mechanism of the general type A → R → S. The reactivity of the quaternary ammonium salts with regard to the counteranion was Cl− > Br− > 1− > HSO4−. The reaction rate was linearly dependent on catalyst concentration up to 12 mol% of catalyst relative to the substrate. Above this concentration the rate was constant and independent of the amount of the catalyst. The activation energy of the two consecutive steps was found to be similar (21 kcal/mol). Therefore, the product distribution (R/S) is not appreciably affected by temperature. A mechanism termed "Thin aqueous boundary layer" is suggested for nucleophilic displacement reactions under solid–liquid phase transfer conditions. Keywords: phase transfer catalysis, series reactions, kinetic study.

scholarly journals Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination of ?-Cyano Esters by Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts.

ChemInform ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Joo Park ◽  
Hye Ran Kim ◽  
Chang Ung Joung ◽  
Dae Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones by Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Young Kim ◽  
Young Jae Choi ◽  
Hai Yoon Park ◽  
Chang Ung Joung ◽  
Kwang Oh Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Enantioselective Epoxidation

Asymmetric Direct α-Hydroxylation of β-Oxo Esters by Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (34) ◽  
pp. 6525-6530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Lian ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Jian Du ◽  
Qingwei Meng ◽  
Zhanxian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts
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