ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of meta- or para-Cyano Substitution on the Reactivity of the Radical Cations of Arylalkenes and Alkanes. Radical Ions in Photochemistry. Part 34.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
D. R. ARNOLD ◽  
X. DU ◽  
J. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cations ◽  
Radical Ions

Properties and Reactivity of First and Second Row Hydrides. IV. Interactions Between Hydrides and Their Radical Ions

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cations ◽  
Stabilization Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Heats Of Reaction ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Easy Differentiation

The energies and heats of ion-molecule reactions have been calculated (MP4/6-31G**//6-31G** or better level) and compared with the experimental values obtained from the heats of formation. Two main types of reactions have been studied: (i) AHn + AHn+• ↔ AHn+1+ + AHn-1• (A = C to F and Si to Cl), (ii) AHn + BHm+• ↔ AHn+1+ + BHm-1• or AHn-1+• + BHm+1+ (A and B = C to F). In contrast to (i), processes of type (ii) permit easy differentiation between the proton transfer and hydrogen atom abstraction mechanisms. A third type of interaction involves reactions with radical anions (A = Li to F); comparison was made with analogous processes with radical cations. A brief comment is made about the influence of the level of computational sophistication on the energies and heats of reaction, as well as on the stabilization energy of a hydrogen bonded intermediate, a structure which is similar to that of the reaction products.

Radikalionen, 61 [1, 2]Dialkylamino-substituierte Acetylene und Allene:Ionisation, Oxidation und AlCl3-katalysierte Wasserstoffübertragung / Radical Ions, 61 [1, 2]Dialkylamino-substituted Acetylenes and Allenes:Ionisation, Oxidation and AlCl3-Catalyzed Hydrogen Transfer

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bock ◽  
Wolfgang Kaim ◽  
Mitsuo Kira ◽  
Louis Réné ◽  
Heinz-Günther Viehe
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cation ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Ionization Potentials ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Substituted Acetylenes

AbstractThe photoelectron (PE) spectra of bis(dialkylamino) acetylenes R2N-C≡C-NR2 and of tetrakis(dialkylamino) allenes (R2N)2C=C=C(NR2)2 with R = CH3, C2H5 exhibit characteristic ionization patterns which are assigned to π radical cation states of the two molecular halves twisted against each other. The low first ionization potentials between 7.0 eV and 7.7 eV stimu­lated attempts to oxidize using AlCl3 in H2CCl2 or D2CCl2. The hyperfine structured ESR spectra observed can be unequivocally assigned to the ethylene radical cations R2N-HC=CH -NR2˙⊕ which are formed from the obviously non-persistent species R2N-C≡C-NR2˙⊕ via a hydrogen transfer. During the oxidation of the dialkylamino-substituted allenes no paramagnetic intermedi­ates could be detected, presumably due to a rapid dimerisation of the allene radical cation (R2N)2C=C=C(NR2)2˙⊕.

1,n-Radical ions: the nature of the one-electron two-centre bond in cyclopropane radical cations. An abinitio SCF MO approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2310-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial D. M. Wayner ◽  
Russell J. Boyd ◽  
Donald R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cations ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Mo Calculations ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Consistent Field ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Self Consistent Field ◽  
The One ◽  
Spin Distributions

The nature of the one-electron two-centre bond in the cyclopropane and 1,2-divinylcyclopropane radical cations is elucidated by use of abinitio self consistent field (SCF) molecular orbital (MO) calculations. The charge and spin distributions in the 90,90 and 90,0 conformations are compared at the STO-3G and 4-31G basis set levels. From energy differences between the radical cations in the 90,90 conformation and the 90,0 (transition state) conformation, the activation barriers for cis–trans isomerization in the 2A1 state of C3H6,+ and of the 1,2-divinylcyclopropane radical cation are estimated. These results are compared to previous calculations and experimental data where possible.

Radical ions in photochemistry. 18. The photosensitized (electron transfer) tautomerization of alkenes; the 1,1-diphenyl alkene system

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2312-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Arnold ◽  
Shelley A. Mines
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Radical Cation ◽  
Radical Anion ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Back Electron Transfer ◽  
Ambident Anion ◽  
Determining Factor

The photosensitized (electron transfer) irradiation of several conjugated 1,1-diphenyl alkenes, in acetonitrile with 1,4-dicyanobenzene or 1-cyanonapthalene as electron accepting sensitizer and 2,6-lutidine as base, leads essentially quantitatively to tautomerization to the less stable unconjugated isomer(s). The proposed mechanism for this reaction involves formation of the alkene radical cation and sensitizer radical anion followed by deprotonation of the radical cation, reduction of the resulting radical to the ambident anion by back electron transfer from the radical anion, and reprotonation. There are several steps in this mechanism that could control the ratio of isomers. Evidence is provided that, at least in some cases, it is the relative rate of deprotonation from the isomeric radical cations that is the determining factor. This rate is influenced by the conformation of the radical cation; the carbon–hydrogen bond involved in the deprotonation step must overlap with the singly occupied molecular orbital.

ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF A SERIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
M.G. FAYZULLIN ◽  
◽  
E.YU. PANKRATYEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Microwave Spectrum ◽  
Neutral Molecule ◽  
Radical Anions ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Rotational Spectra ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

A theoretical study of the rotational spectra of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was carried out on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations by PRIRODA program in the PBE/3ζ approximation. Calculations are given for neutral molecules, their radical anions and radical cations in the rigid top approximation. Twelve neutral PAHs under study have no dipole moment and are not of interest for rotational spectroscopy. Thirteen neutral PAHs have a dipole moment not exceeding 0.09 Debye and, under certain conditions, can be studied in the microwave region. The remaining six compounds are PAHs with methyl and phenyl substituents, their dipole moments are 0.32-0.65 Debye, which makes it possible to study their microwave spectrum. For radical ions, the situation with the dipole moment is as follows: if a neutral molecule does not have a dipole moment, then the corresponding radical ion does not have it either; if the dipole moment of a neutral molecule is nonzero, then for radical ions it increases at least several times. For example, in the benzo [b] chrysene radical anion, the μa-component component of the dipole moment increases by 250 times, the μb-component by 7 times, and the total dipole moment by about 100 times. This effect is more pronounced for radical anions than for radical cations. In this case, it becomes possible to detect the spectrum of if not a neutral molecule, then at least one of its charge states. For a number of compounds, the patterns of various spectroscopic parameters depending on the number of carbon atoms in PAHs were found. In the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) approximation, quartic centrifugal distortion constants were calculated for five compounds, and their effect on the rotational spectrum was estimated: for many compounds under study, they can have a significant effect on the microwave spectrum. With an increase in PAHs, the centrifugal constants decrease indicating an increase in the rigidity of the molecules. Thus, substituted neutral PAHs, as well as a number of radical ions, may be of interest for experimental studies in laboratory conditions and in space.

Radical Ions, 78 [1, 2] The Oxidative Desulfuration of Organic Cyclic Polysulfides to Disulfide Radical Cations in AlCl3 /H2 CCl2 Solution

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bock ◽  
B. L. Chenards ◽  
P. Rittmeyer ◽  
U. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cations ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Radical Ions

Organodisulfide radical cations R2S2'® and R2C2S2'® can be generated from aliphatic as well as aromatic cyclic polysulfides in A1C13/H2CC12 solutions and characterized by their ESR spectra. Examples presented are the oxidations of 1,2,3-trithiolanes to 1,2-dithiolane radical cations, in which energetically favored planarized 3 electron/2 center bonds - S a r e formed.

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