PROSPECTS FOR USING PSEUDOMONAS ZHAODONGENSIS TO MITIGATE HERBICIDAL STRESS IN WHEAT

The proliferation of herbicide-resistant forms of weeds provokes herbicide application in higher doses. It may have a negative impact on agricultural crops, causing oxidative stress, inhibiting the growth of plants, reducing yield potential. An important task is to find methods to mitigate herbicidal stress in crops. One approach may be to treat crops with microorganisms that favorably affect the growth of plants. Under the conditions of the light site, two-week wheat plants were sprayed with herbicides Octapon estra (0.1 µl/plant) based on 2,4-D and Nanomet (1.3 µg/plant) based on metsulfuron-methyl and a culture of bacteria 12N1 (107 CFU/plant). Herbicide-resistant strain 12N1, previously isolated from soil from the territory of a chemical industry enterprise (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia), showed nitrogenase activity of 10.1 nmol C2H4•h-1•ml-1.The use of bacteria stimulated the growth of wheat roots both in the variants of the experiment with and without herbicides. Treatment with bacterial culture reduced the proline content in wheat leaves by 1.9 times against the background of the herbicide Octapon extra and by 6.6 times against the background of Nanomet, as well as the return of the total chlorophyll content to the control values. On the basis of the obtained data, the bacterial strain 12N1 was recognized as a potential antidote for mitigating herbicidal stress in wheat and was identified as member of the species Pseudomonas zhaodongensis based on the cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical features and the sequence of the 16S RNA gene.

MIGRATION PROCESSES IN RUSSIA: ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND MECHANISMS OF STATE REGULATION

Today, the human migration is one of the most important factors in the socio-economic territorial development. This process requires considerable attention on the part of federal, regional and municipal general government. The main trends that characterize migration in Russia at the present time is a population tightening and a high level of its concentration in the European part of the country, a significant outflow of population from towns, small cities, as well as rural settlements, migration inflow to large and highly developed territories, an increase in the socio-economic development polarization in territories, etc. These problems are also considered in the Concept of the State Migration Policy in the Russian Federation for 2019-2025. At the same time, despite the adoption of the Concept several issues remain unresolved, such as the lack of state attention to internal Russian migration, the definition of specific needs of the region and municipalities, as well as the lack of a quantitative assessment of targets, etc. It is necessary to clarify the main directions and mechanisms for implementing Russia's migration policy. It is promising to consider population migration from the point of view of meeting the various interests and needs of the main participants in this process - a person, business, territory (locality, region, country), in our opinion. An essential point in the development of such a mechanism is an adequate and scientifically based description of the characteristics of each agent., It is necessary to develop a set of proposals for improving the migration policy and measures for its implementation to achieve a balance of interests of these agents.

ADAPTOGENIC EFFECT OF APISIL AND TOS-BIO PREPARATIONS ON A HONEY BEE UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYPERTHERMIA

The temperature factor has a huge impact on bees and their development. In a complex complex of adaptation, not only a perfect system of collective thermoregulation of the family is important, but also such individual adaptations as resistance to freezing and tolerance to high temperatures. The deviation of the ambient temperature from the optimal one increases the energy consumption of bees for the regulation of the microclimate in the family. This means that it enhances metabolic processes, which affects the state of the body and the life expectancy of insects. In addition, sometimes the use of high temperatures is a necessary condition for their maintenance, for example, in the fight against the parasite of the bee mite varroa. At the same time, the effect of high temperatures can have a negative effect not only on the mite, but also on the bees. In laboratory conditions, the effect of Apisil and TOS-BIO preparations containing 9-oxoand 10-hydroxy-2E-decenoic acids as a base - the most important components of the «queen substance» and royal jelly of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., respectively - on the survival rate and biochemical parameters was studied. adult worker bees exposed to extremely high (50oC) temperatures. The dynamics of the activity of phenoloxidase and catalase as biochemical indicators of the stress response of a honey bee under high temperature load has been studied. It was shown that the insects' resistance to hyperthermia increased with the content of these preparations in the feed. Experimental results indicate that under extreme (50oC) temperature conditions Apisil and TOS-BIO preparations have an adaptogenic effect on worker bees, increasing their resistance to hyperthermia. At the same time, changes in the initial level and dynamics of biochemical parameters indicate that these compositions in the most economical way contribute to the restructuring of metabolism in the mode of optimal functioning, which affects the level of changes in enzyme activity (with less pronounced changes in activity). and also on the survival rate of bees at the end of the experiment.

WHEAT ANDROCLINIC CALLI: DATA OF SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY

The processes of formation different types of calli, as well as the morphogenesis pathways in morphogenic calli, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during anther culture in vitro in hybrid line Fotos of spring soft wheat. The microspore haploid origin of calli has been proven. The morphological status of the obtained calli was determined. It was shown that morphogenic callus consists of small densely packed meristematic cells covered with extracellular substance. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II induction culture medium, added by 1.0 mg/l synthetic auxin 2,4-D. Nonmorphogenic callus consists of large, elongated, loosely located cells with a smooth surface. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II culture medium, added by 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. It was found that the introduction of various IAA concentrations into the Blaydes nutrient medium for regeneration in morphogenic calli implements the following pathways of morphogenesis in vitro: embryoidogenesis (without IAA addition), gemmorhizogenesis (0.5 mg/l), and rhizogenesis (1.5 mg/l). Revealed degenerative changes in cells of nonmorphogenic calli. The fundamental possibility of regulating of the morphogenesis pathways of in vitro of morphogenic calli in the direction necessary for research in biotechnological research has been confirmed.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE MIGRATION ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE TERRITORY USING THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING

The article is devoted to the study of migration processes in Russia. The population migration forms the settlement system, has a significant impact on the social and economic development of the regions, it is a reflection of the high level of their differentiation on various features, leads to a change in balance both between macroregions and between the types of settlements. The problem of migration outflow in recent years has become characteristic not only for the Northern and Far Eastern regions of the country, but also for other subjects, including the Republic of Bashkortostan. In such conditions, the need to solve it is facing the authorities at all levels of management. At the same time, these issues are not directly reflected in national projects. Moreover, many indicators used in the strategic development documents of the federal level today, in fact, cannot be applicable to the purposes of predicting migration processes due to the lack of a sufficient retrospective base. Taking into account the impossibility of direct impact on the migratory behavior of the population, priority is given to creating favorable conditions. With such a formulation of the task, not financial and economic indicators of development, and the living conditions of people and, first of all, access to social infrastructure facilities are published. In this aspect, its development becomes a competitive control tool for human capital. However, as the study showed, the effectiveness of the implementation of similar activities is significantly varied in a particular region. For a quantitative assessment of the influence of the factors under consideration, the migration processes were asked to form the appropriate economic and mathematical model. The article briefly considers the prerequisites and features of its formation. According to the results of the study, the regression equation was obtained and dispersion analysis was carried out. The results of the assessment of the model according to the Russian regions confirm its adequacy. The study allows you to more fully assess the impact of the development of social infrastructure on the demographic situation in Russia.

SONOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS: MOLECULAR, IONIC AND ATOMIC LUMINESCENCE DURING SONOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF SILICON DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING RUTHENIUM AND COPPER COMPOUNDS

The article is devoted to an example of the sonoluminescence spectroscopy use, which was previously known as a method for analyzing substances from the characteristic spectra of their sonoluminescence only in true solutions, for carrying out a similar analysis of substances contained in insoluble nanoparticles in colloidal suspensions. The solutions sonolysis, that is, their irradiation with ultrasound, is accompanied by the formation of cavitation bubbles that vibrate radially at the frequency of the ultrasonic field. Volatile components of the solution enter the bubbles, evaporating from the liquid-gas interface; nonvolatile components can penetrate into the bubble as a result of the injection of solution nanodroplets into the gas phase, which occurs during intense bubble movements accompanied by their deformation. In a nonequilibrium plasma periodically forming in cavitation bubbles, destruction occurs, as well as collisional excitation of these components, followed by luminescence. It has been shown that this mechanism of sonoluminescence also operates in colloidal suspensions, where substances are present in the form of nanoparticles with sizes less than 50 nm. Such nanoparticles penetrate into moving cavitation bubbles, without destroying them, as part of nanodroplets, and then undergo decomposition in bubble plasma with the excited particles generation as emitters of characteristic sonoluminescence. In this work, we synthesized colloidal suspensions in dodecane of porous SiO2 nanoparticles containing adsorbed Ru(bpy)3Cl2 and CuSO4 salts. During moving single-bubble sonolysis for these suspensions, characteristic emission spectra of Ru and Cu atoms, SiO molecules, and Ru(bpy)3 ions suitable for sonoluminescence spectroscopic analysis were recorded. By comparing the experimental and calculated (at different temperatures) luminescence spectra of Ru atoms, we estimated the electron temperature attained upon acoustic compression of single bubble in colloidal suspension in dodecane: Te = 7000 K.

EFFECT OF PASSIVATING COATINGS ON METALLIZATION TOPOLOGY IN PRODUCTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

The surface quality of the metallized contact pads on the crystal plays an important role in the production of semiconductor devices. This paper presents experimental studies of the effect of a protective passivation film of silicon oxide on the surface structure of aluminum metallization in the field of forming contact pads. Plasma chemical deposition of passivation layer SiO2 from gas phase (PECVD method) was carried out on prepared samples of silicon with aluminum metallization using a high-frequency power source with a frequency of 13.56 MHz. After that, chemical etching of precipitated silicon oxide was carried out to simulate the process of forming contact areas of semiconductor device crystals. The resistance of the metallization surface to plasma processes was studied by raster electron microscopy. It is shown that as a result of the process cycle, defects of the dislocation type are generated in the applied film Al. The nature of the observed defects has been found to be different. The revealed large square-shaped pits with a size of ~ 1 μm at the places where dislocations come to the surface are of a single nature and appear independently of the processes of applying passivation coatings, which is determined by the orienting action of a single-crystal substrate having some low dislocation density. While the second type of defects, shown by the presence of etching pits measuring ~ 100-300 nm, is characterized by a higher surface density. Moreover, the exclusion of the passivation process with silicon oxide did not lead to the appearance of this type of defects, which determined their nature associated with the ion bombardment of the Al layer during the plasma chemical deposition of silicon oxide from the gas phase. It is also shown that a feature of this type of defects is their disorientation both with respect to the first type of defects and with respect to each other. Detection of the structure of the metallization layers was carried out by X-ray diffraction, the results of which show the polycrystallinity of the formed aluminum metallization. The preferred orientation of the aluminum film corresponds to the substrate Si (111).

METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING TOOLKIT MODELING AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE FORMATION OF FORECASTS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS

According to Rosstat for 2020, the population of Russia as a result of its natural movement decreased by 688.7 thousand people. If the birth rate in relation to 2019 decreased by 3.0%, then mortality increased by 17.9%. For many regions of the country (oddly enough, in the first place of its European part), the situation turned out to be even more difficult. At the same time, heterogeneous factors had an impact on each other - a change in the age structure of the population, the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in real income, etc. Under these conditions, the problem of obtaining accurate predictive assessments of the situation development in order to develop government policies to improve it is updated. Objectively necessary is the introduction of relevant information systems built on the basis of integrated economic and mathematical models. In this regard, the article discusses the development and application of modern tools for analyzing and predicting the development of territorial systems, including demographic aspects. It is indicated that a significant factor is the development of the social infrastructure of the territory. A system of criteria and indicators are proposed to assess the impact of its level of development on demographic processes. In particular, areas such as health care, education, culture and leisure, housing, trade and services are considered. An approach to the formation of integral indicators in various areas of life of society and an example of developing regression equations based on them is presented. It is noted that in different regions of the country, the degree of influence of the level of development of social infrastructure on demographic processes may differ significantly, which requires accounting within the framework of the model being formed. The possibility and need to build a decision support system based on the obtained model complex and is defined by such a toolkit in the strategic development management system of the region. The key stages of developing tools are described. The results obtained can be used as part of modeling changes in the demographic potential of regions in the context of the transformation of the territorial settlement system.

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the mechanisms of development of scientific and innovative activities of the territories of the Russian Federation in the context of a pandemic. As a result of the conducted review of literature, statistics, factology, the development of scientific and innovative activities in the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of a pandemic is analyzed. Comparative analysis of regional statistics made it possible to typologize them according to the quality of development of information resources of the economy. The article compares the foreign experience in the development of scientific and innovative activities and the methodology of the catch-up development model used in the USSR. All this made it possible to typologize territories for the development of scientific and innovative activities in the context of a pandemic.The study compares the successes of Russia in confronting the pandemic and the scenarios for the development of these successes in various models of the development of information resources of the economy in the form of knowledge, competencies, OIC, intangible assets. The purpose of the article: typologization of the territories of the Russian Federation according to the qualitative characteristics of innovative growth and the evolutionary development of information resources of the economy, the effectiveness of the measures used to combat the pandemic, in order to develop patterns and contradictions in the development of scientific and innovative activities in the regions of Russia. The research objectives are: Typology of the territories of the Russian Federation by the quality of innovative growth; Conclusions of the research: The USSR had extensive experience in the methodology for the development of scientific and innovative activities known as the "catch-up development model". Japan in the 50-80s, South Korea in the 80-2000s and today's China and their regions and territories successfully apply it and achieve significant success in the development of scientific and innovative activities. This leads to evolutionary changes in the countries themselves and their regions, they evolve each time the following groups, higher in terms of development. This methodology using open innovation methods can be perceived in Russia and its regions. For a more detailed demonstration, the article developed the patterns and contradictions of the existing model for the development of scientific and innovative activities in a pandemic. Which showed that the reached limits of economic growth in the 90-2000s by type, exclusively related to the investment model, as well as the introduced elements of the transitional type of the model to catch-up have their solution through the use of the open innovation method. This method makes it possible to deeply and thoroughly process foreign intangible assets in order to obtain, on their own technological basis, their own IP, the introduction of which and transformation into intangible assets takes place in TNCs and state corporations. Thus, the protection of the exclusive rights obtained by the method of open innovation is carried out by big business, which has all the necessary resources for this, especially in the countries of the global center and catching-up development.