Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
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Haruna Isiyaku Umar
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Opeyemi Iwaloye
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Oluwaseyi Matthew Oretade
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Christopher Busayo Olowosoke
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Abstract
Dysregulation of the p53-MDM2 interactions has been implicated in majority of human tumors presenting a target for finding small molecule inhibitors. In this study, a training set of 17 experimentally tested inhibitors of MDM2 was used to develop series of pharmacophore models among which a four-featured (AHRR_1) model with one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrophobic group and two aromatic ring features and characterized by a survival score of 4.176 was considered significant among the top ranked generated hypothesis. Further, the model was validated by an external set of actives and decoy molecules and was found to exhibit encouraging statistical attributes (such as AUC > 0.7, BEDROC > 0.5 and EF > 1.0 etc). The model was used to screen the ZINC compound database, from the database, the top best 1375 hits satisfying the pharmacophore model was were docked to MDM2 protein to identify the likely interactions of the compounds as well as their binding affinity with MDM2. Further, druglikeness and pharmacokinetic properties screening on top-ranked compounds with higher binding affinity than reference inhibitors revealed four compounds (ZINC02639178, ZINC38933175, ZINC77969611, and ZINC06752762) with suitable pharmacological properties including low ligand toxicity. Investigation of the dynamic behaviour of each candidate inhibitors in complex with MDM2 via molecular dynamic simulation suggested ZINC02639178 and ZINC06752762 as the most potential inhibitors. Thus, these compounds may emerged as therapeutic option for cancer treatment after extensive in vitro and in vivo studies.
Functional Role of Residue 193 (Chymotrypsin Numbering) in Serine Proteases: Influence of Side Chain Length and β-Branching on the Catalytic Activity of Blood Coagulation Factor XIa†