Nonlinear Theory of the Instability of a Modulated Electron Beam of Low Density in a Plasma. I. Conservation Laws of Energy and Momentum for Electromagnetic Waves in a Nonequilibrium Dispersive and Dissipative Medium in the Case of a Slow Change of Amplitude and Phase of the Wave

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. G. Kruscha ◽  
A. N. Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Nonlinear Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dissipative Medium ◽  
Slow Change ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Conservation Laws Of Energy

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

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