scholarly journals Ethanol concentration in 56 refillable electronic cigarettes liquid formulations determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin L. Poklis ◽  
Carl E. Wolf ◽  
Michelle R. Peace
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Headspace Gas

Determination of Styrene Migration from Food-Contact Polymers into Margarine, Using Azeotropic Distillation and Headspace Gas Chromatography

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073
Author(s):  
Sandra L Varner ◽  
Charles V Breder ◽  
Thomas Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Azeotropic Distillation ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
Headspace Gas

Abstract Migration studies were conducted to determine the quantity of styrene that migrates from polymers into fatty foods, specifically margarine. Azeotropic distillation was used to isolate styrene from the margarine. Headspace gas chromatography with a Chromosorb 104 column and a flame ionization detector was used for quantitation. The quantitation limit for the method was about 25 ppb (wt/wt) styrene in margarine. On the average, greater than 90% of the styrene was recovered. Several commercial margarines were examined. The method and results of the migration studies are presented. There was no detectable migration of styrene into margarine.

Quantifying ethanol in ethanol-based hand sanitizers by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC/FID)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa ◽  
Lohanna Pereira El Haddad ◽  
Vítor Luiz Caleffo Piva Bigão ◽  
Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Headspace Gas

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic sharply increased the demand for ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers, leading to a shortage of these products. Consequently, regulatory health agencies worldwide have altered their regulatory guidelines, on ethanol quality, to meet this high demand, raising concern about the products quality. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify ethanol content and to qualitatively assess common impurities in ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC/FID). Methods To quantify the ethanol content, 0.10 g of the sample was weighed in a 20 mL headspace vial and 5 mL of deionized water was added. Regarding the qualitative approach, 0.25 g of the sample was weighed and 4 mL of deionized water and was added. The samples were incubated, and then 400 µL of the headspace was injected into the GC/FID. Forty-eight products purchased in Brazil were analyzed. Results Thirteen products presented at least one nonconformity regarding the ethanol quantity. Two samples presented an average ethanol concentration below the lower limit considered effective. Twelve samples presented acetaldehyde or ethyl acetate. Conclusion The huge demand for ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers may have impacted their quality. Because concern with proper hand hygiene tends to remain an issue for a long period, more studies about quality control of hand sanitizers will be needed. Highlights A simple and fast HS-GC/FID method to quantify ethanol in ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers was developed, validated and applied to commercial samples in Brazil. The regulatory authorities must be more vigilant to ensure that the commercially available products meet the recommended specifications.

Determination of Residual Levels and Migration of Benzene from Styrene-Containing Polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
Sandra L Varner
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Styrene-based food-contact polymers were examined for the presence and migration of residual benzene. Headspace gas chromatography (GC) with a column of 20% SP 2100–0.1% Carbowax 1500 on Supelcoport and a flame ionization detector were used for quantitation. To determine residual levels, the polymer was dissolved in dimethyl acetamide (DMAC)–water (99 + 1). On the average, >85% of the benzene was recovered. The quantitative determinative limit for the analysis was ca 200 ppb on a polymer basis. Migration tests simulating hot-filling or pasteurization above 150°F (66°C) were undertaken, using water as the food-simulating solvent. A lower limit of ca 0.35 ppb benzene could be quantitated. Several commercial products were examined, including samples of foam, impact, and crystal polystyrene. The levels of benzene found ranged from none to 3.47 ppm. The presence of benzene was confirmed by GC–mass spectrometry.

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