scholarly journals Selective constraints in cold‐region wild boars may defuse the effects of small effective population size on molecular evolution of mitogenomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 8102-8114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhai Chen ◽  
Pan Ni ◽  
Thuy Nhien Tran Thi ◽  
Evgeniy Varisovich Kamaldinov ◽  
Valeriy Lavrentyevich Petukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Selective Constraints ◽  
Small Effective Population Size

scholarly journals Does effective population size affect rates of molecular evolution: mitochondrial data for host/parasite species pairs in bees suggests not

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Shokri Bousjein ◽  
Simon Tierney ◽  
Michael Gardner ◽  
Michael Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Social Parasite ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Rates Of Molecular Evolution

Adaptive evolutionary theory argues that organisms with larger effective population size (Ne) should have higher rates of adaptive evolution and therefore greater capacity to win evolutionary arm races. However, in some certain cases species with much smaller Ne may be able to survive beside their opponents for an extensive evolutionary time. Neutral theory predicts that accelerated rates of molecular evolution in organisms with exceedingly small Ne is due to the effects of genetic drift and fixation of slightly deleterious mutations. We test this prediction in two obligate social parasite species and their respective host species from the bee tribe Allodapini. The parasites (genus Inquilina) have been locked into a tight coevolutionary arm races with their exclusive hosts (genus Exoneura) for ~15 million years, even though Inquilina exhibit Ne that are an order of magnitude smaller than their host. In this study, we compared rates of molecular evolution between host and parasite using nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate ratios (dN/dS) of eleven mitochondrial protein coding genes sequenced from transcriptomes. Tests of selection on mitochondrial genes indicated no significant differences between host and parasite dN/dS, with evidence for purifying selection acting on all mitochondrial genes of host and parasite species. Several potential factors which could weaken the inverse relationship between Ne and rate of molecular evolution are discussed.

Temporal genetic samples indicate small effective population size of the endangered yellow-eyed penguin

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Boessenkool ◽  
Bastiaan Star ◽  
Philip J. Seddon ◽  
Jonathan M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Small Effective Population Size

scholarly journals Effective population size and the rate and pattern of nucleotide substitutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Woolfit
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Substitution Rates ◽  
Synonymous Substitutions ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Both the overall rate of nucleotide substitution and the relative proportions of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions are predicted to vary between species that differ in effective population size ( N e ). Our understanding of the genetic processes underlying these lineage-specific differences in molecular evolution is still developing. Empirical analyses indicate that variation in substitution rates and patterns caused by differences in N e is often substantial, however, and must be accounted for in analyses of molecular evolution.

scholarly journals Population Data for the Transferrin Variants in the Australian Merino

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Cooper ◽  
LF Bailey ◽  
O Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Effective Population Size ◽  
Australian Merino

Population data for the transferrin varil;mts in the South Australian and Camden Park strains of the Australian Merino are reported. In all, five variants designated A, B, C, D, and E were distinguished. The relationship between these variants and those reported in previous investigations of the Merino and other breeds has been determined. In two out of the six samples there were significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. It was observed that closed flocks with small effective population size, Camden Park and one South Australian (Roseworthy) flock had fewer than five variants, the number generally found in all strains of the Australian Merino so far examined. For the Roseworthy material it was possible to demonstrate that the parent population, Anama, had the five variants. Further, the two Roseworthy flocks derived from the Anama stock had significantly different gene frequencies from that flock.

scholarly journals Small effective population size and genetic homogeneity in the Val Borbera isolate

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Colonna ◽  
Giorgio Pistis ◽  
Lorenzo Bomba ◽  
Stefano Mona ◽  
Giuseppe Matullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Genetic Homogeneity ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Small Effective Population Size
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