العلاقة بين الثقافة التنظيمية و الرقابة الإدارية في البنك العقاري التجاري 2003-2008 م

relationship between the organaization culture and Che administrative control in the Commercial and Real-Estate Bank. To conduct Che study, the researcher has chosen the cntre parent population of sixty employees from high, and middle administrative levels. The findings of study indicate relationship between the organizational cultuer and adminstralive control. Thus, hypothesis is accepted. The study concluded with the following recommendations culture and its dimensions. The attention should be given to the organizational culture and its dimensions. It is necessan to know the importance of organizational culture and its impacts on the adminsiCration elements. It is necessary to recognize the relationship between organizational cultue and administrative control.

Mapping the sex determination region in the Salix F1 hybrid common parent population confirms a ZW system in six diverse species

Within the genus Salix, there are approximately 350 species native primarily to the northern hemisphere and adapted to a wide range of habitats. This diversity can be exploited to mine novel alleles conferring variation important for production as a bioenergy crop, but also to identify evolutionarily important genes, such as those involved in sex determination. To leverage this diversity, we created a mapping population by crossing six Salix species (S. viminalis, S. suchowensis, S. integra, S. koriyanagi, S. udensis, and S. alberti) to common male and female S. purpurea parents. Each family was genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing and assessed for kinship and population structure as well as the construction of 16 backcross linkage maps to be used as a genetic resource for breeding and selection. Analyses of population structure resolved both the parents and F1 progeny to their respective phylogenetic section and indicated that the S. alberti parent was misidentified and was most likely S. suchowensis. Sex determining regions were identified on Salix chromosome 15 in the female-informative maps for seven of the eight families indicating that these species share a common female heterogametic ZW sex system. The eighth family, S. integra S. purpurea, was entirely female and had a truncated chromosome 15. Beyond sex determination, the Salix F1 hybrid common parent population (Salix F1HCP) introduced here will be useful in characterizing genetic factors underlying complex traits, aid in marker-assisted selection, and support genome assemblies for this promising bioenergy crop.

Interstellar Objects Follow the Collapse of Molecular Clouds

Interstellar objects (ISOs), the parent population of 1i/‘Oumuamua and 2i/Borisov, are abundant in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way. This means that the interstellar medium, including molecular-cloud regions, has three components: gas, dust, and ISOs. From observational constraints of the field density of ISOs drifting in the solar neighborhood, we infer that a typical molecular cloud of 10 pc diameter contains some 1018 ISOs. At typical sizes ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, ISOs are entirely decoupled from the gas dynamics in these molecular clouds. Here we address the question of whether ISOs can follow the collapse of molecular clouds. We perform low-resolution simulations of the collapse of molecular clouds containing initially static ISO populations toward the point where stars form. In this proof-of-principle study, we find that the interstellar objects definitely follow the collapse of the gas—and many become bound to the new-forming numerical approximations to future stars (sinks). At minimum, 40% of all sinks have one or more ISO test particles gravitationally bound to them for the initial ISO distributions tested here. This value corresponds to at least 1010 actual ISOs being bound after three initial freefall times. Thus, ISOs are a relevant component of star formation. We find that more massive sinks bind disproportionately large fractions of the initial ISO population, implying competitive capture of ISOs. Sinks can also be solitary, as their ISOs can become unbound again—particularly if sinks are ejected from the system. Emerging planetary systems will thus develop in remarkably varied environments, ranging from solitary to richly populated with bound ISOs.

Characteristics Of The Population Of The Yaroslavl Breed Of Cattle Based On The Assessment Of Polymorphism Of Eab - Loci

The paper presents the characteristics of micropopulations of the Yaroslavl cattle breed based on the assessment of the polymorphism of the EAB-locus of blood groups. The presented dendrogram made it possible to identify the farms most distant from the main group. To identify the closest and most distant groups of animals, the Euclidean distance was calculated. The efficiency of division into groups was assessed using the Davis-Boldin index, which made it possible to distribute the population into three clusters with the most optimal value, where each group obtained has its own parent population from which it developed.

Phylogeographic reconstruction of the marbled crayfish origin

The marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a triploid and parthenogenetic freshwater crayfish species that has colonized diverse habitats around the world. Previous studies suggested that the clonal marbled crayfish population descended as recently as 25 years ago from a single specimen of P. fallax, the sexually reproducing parent species. However, the genetic, phylogeographic, and mechanistic origins of the species have remained enigmatic. We have now constructed a new genome assembly for P. virginalis to support a detailed phylogeographic analysis of the diploid parent species, Procambarus fallax. Our results strongly suggest that both parental haplotypes of P. virginalis were inherited from the Everglades subpopulation of P. fallax. Comprehensive whole-genome sequencing also detected triploid specimens in the same subpopulation, which either represent evolutionarily important intermediate genotypes or independent parthenogenetic lineages arising among the sexual parent population. Our findings thus clarify the geographic origin of the marbled crayfish and identify potential mechanisms of parthenogenetic speciation.

Identifying cellular-to-phenotype associations by elucidating hierarchical relationships in high-dimensional cytometry data

High-throughput single cell technologies hold the promise of discovering novel cellular relationships with disease and necessitate the use of effective analytical workflows. When manual gating is used to define cell types, the gating hierarchy can be used to identify cell types whose abundances change relative to a parent population. This strategy allows subtle changes to be observed that could be missed if small subsets were compared to all measured cells. However, typical analyses that employ unsupervised clustering overlook the valuable hierarchical structure present in cell type definitions by exclusively quantifying the proportions of cell type clusters relative to all cells. We present treekoR, a framework that facilitates multiple quantifications and comparisons of cell type proportions. Our results from twelve case studies reinforce the importance of quantifying proportions relative to parent populations in the analyses of cytometry data - as failing to do so can lead to missing important biological insights.

Bayesian population correlation: A probabilistic approach to inferring and comparing population distributions for detrital zircon ages

Populations of detrital zircons are shaped by geologic factors such as sediment transport, erosion mechanisms, and the zircon fertility of source areas. Zircon U-Pb age datasets are influenced both by these geologic factors and by the statistical effects of sampling. Such statistical effects introduce significant uncertainty into the inference of parent population age distributions from detrital zircon samples. This uncertainty must be accounted for in order to understand which features of sample age distributions are attributable to earth processes and which are sampling effects. Sampling effects are likely to be significant at a range of common detrital zircon sample sizes (particularly when n < 300).In order to more accurately account for the uncertainty in estimating parent population age distributions, we introduce a new method to infer probability model ensembles (PMEs) from detrital zircon samples. Each PME represents a set of the potential parent populations that are likely to have produced a given zircon age sample. PMEs form the basis of a new metric of correspondence between two detrital zircon samples, Bayesian Population Correlation (BPC), which is shown in a suite of numerical experiments to be unbiased with respect to sample size. BPC uncertainties can be directly estimated for a specific sample comparison, and BPC results conform to analytical predictions when comparing populations with known proportions of shared ages. We implement all of these features in a set of MATLAB® scripts made freely available as open-source code and as a standalone application. The robust uncertainties, lack of sample size bias, and predictability of BPC are desirable features that differentiate it from existing detrital zircon correspondence metrics. Additionally, analysis of other sample limited datasets with complex probability distributions may also benefit from our approach.

Variation and mechanisms of life history evolution in insular dwarfism as revealed by a natural experiment

Islands offer a classic topic for evolutionary studies. Few other subjects have historically raised as much fascination as the island large mammals that having evolved into dwarfs. Consensus has been gained that multivariate ecological causes are behind those changes, but what remains largely unexplored are the mechanisms behind them: how life history (age of reproduction, growth rate, longevity) change with insular dwarfism. Previous studies produced contrasting results difficult to compare, as they concerned different species in single islands. The Japanese Archipelago offers worldwide a unique natural experiment, as in its numerous islands of different sizes the same group of organisms, deer, have evolved into different sizes. Using an extensive examination of bone microstructure, statistical modelling of growth rate and demography, we demonstrate different degrees of change in life history in different islands. We discovered how different life parameters amount to a new, K-strategy contrasting to that of the parent population.

Statements About the Pervasiveness of Behavior Require Data About the Pervasiveness of Behavior

Despite recent close attention to issues related to the reliability of psychological research (e.g., the replication crisis), issues of the validity of this research have not been considered to the same extent. This paper highlights an issue that calls into question the validity of the common research practice of studying samples of individuals, and using sample-based statistics to infer generalizations that are applied not only to the parent population, but to individuals. The lack of ergodicity in human data means that such generalizations are not justified. This problem is illustrated with respect to two common scenarios in psychological research that raise questions for the sorts of theories that are typically proposed to explain human behavior and cognition. The paper presents a method of data analysis that requires closer attention to the range of behaviors exhibited by individuals in our research to determine the pervasiveness of effects observed in sample data. Such an approach to data analysis will produce results that are more in tune with the types of generalizations typical in reports of psychological research than mainstream analysis methods.