scholarly journals Using observed soil moisture to constrain the uncertainty of simulated hydrological fluxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Ireson ◽  
Ines Sanchez‐Rodriguez ◽  
Sujan Basnet ◽  
Haley Brauner ◽  
Talia Bobenic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydrological Fluxes

Characterizing Hydrological Fluxes of Lesser Himalayan hillslopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliva Nanda ◽  
Sumit Sen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Hydrological Fluxes ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
Hillslope Processes

<p>Hillslope-scale studies play a vital role in understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of hydrological fluxes of an ungauged watershed. The linkage between static (i.e. topography, soil properties and landuse) and dynamic (i.e. runoff, soil moisture and temperature) characteristics of a hillslope provides a new insight towards hillslope processes. Thus, two Lesser Himalayan hillslopes of Aglar watershed have been selected in two different landuses (grass-covered and agro-forested) and aspects (south and north). In this study, we analyzed the different hydrological fluxes i.e. rainfall, runoff, soil moisture and soil temperature along with the soil properties to get a holistic understanding of hillslope processes. We used the soil moisture dynamics and soil hydraulic conductivity as the major components to derive the hillslope hydrological connectivity. It was observed that the grassed (GA) hillslope generates less runoff than the agro-forested (AgF) hillslope as the upslope runoff of GA hillslope re-infiltrated in the middle portion due to higher soil hydraulic conductivity and surface resistance. Further, this explains that the runoff contributing areas are located at the lower and upper portions of hillslopes due to the presence of low soil hydraulic conductivity zones.  As both the hillslopes are dominated with Hortonian overland flow, the negative correlation was found between topographic indices (TWI) and soil moisture and positive correlation was noticed between soil hydraulic conductivity. Higher runoff (less infiltration) from AgF hillslope results in a higher negative correlation between TWI and soil moisture in comparison to GA hillslope. This results in a higher rate of change in soil temperature of GA hillslope than the AgF hillslope. After analyzing 40 rainfall events, it was concluded that a temperature drop of more than 2<sup>o</sup>C was recorded when the average rainfall intensity and event duration exceeds 7.5mm/hr and 7.5hr, respectively. The understanding of covariance of these hydrological fluxes will be used in the future to develop a hillslope-scale conceptual model.</p>

scholarly journals Improved modelling of a Prairie catchment using a progressive two-stage calibration strategy with in situ soil moisture and streamflow data

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
Sujata Budhathoki ◽  
Prabin Rokaya ◽  
Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Hydrological Fluxes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Streamflow Simulation

Abstract Dynamic contributing areas, various fill-and-spill mechanisms and cold-region processes make the hydrological modelling of the Prairies very challenging. Several models (from simple conceptual to advanced process-based) are available, but the focus has been largely in reproducing streamflow. Few studies have assimilated soil moisture and other hydrological fluxes for improved simulation, but the emphasis has been predominately on simulating contributing areas. However, previous research has shown that the contributing areas are dynamic, and can vary from one year to the next, depending on hydro-meteorological conditions. Therefore, the areas deemed non-contributing can also occasionally contribute to streamflow. In this study, we introduce a progressive two-stage calibration strategy to constrain soil moisture in non-contributing areas. We demonstrate that constraining soil moisture in non-contributing areas can result in improved hydrological simulations and more realistic process representations. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values for simulated soil moisture in contributing areas increased by 68% at 20 cm and 25% at 50 cm soil depths during validation when non-contributing areas were constrained. This further led to increases in NSE values in streamflow simulation during calibration (6%) and validation (12%). Our findings suggest that soil moisture in non-contributing areas should be properly constrained for improved modelling of Prairie catchments.

scholarly journals Using observed soil moisture to constrain the uncertainty of simulated hydrological fluxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ireson ◽  
Seth Amankwah ◽  
Sujan Basnet ◽  
Talia Bobenic ◽  
Morgan Braaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Hydrological Fluxes ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Using data from five long-term field sites measuring soil moisture, we show the limitations of using soil moisture observations alone to constrain modelled hydrological fluxes. We test a land surface model, MESH/CLASS, with two configurations: one where the soil hydraulic properties are determined using a pedotransfer function (the texture-based calibration) and one where they are assigned directly (the hydraulic properties-based calibration). The hydraulic properties-based calibration outperforms the texture-based calibration in terms of reproducing changes in soil moisture storage within a 1.6 m deep profile at each site, but both perform reasonably well, especially in the summer months. When the models are constrained using observations of changes in soil moisture, the predicted hydrological fluxes are subject to very large uncertainties associated with equifinality. The uncertainty is larger for the hydraulic properties-based calibration, even though the performance was better. We argue that since the pedotransfer functions constrain the model parameters in the texture-based calibrations in an unrealistic way, the texture-based calibration underestimates the uncertainty in the fluxes. We recommend that reproducing observed cumulative changes in soil moisture storage should be considered a necessary but insufficient criterion of model success. Additional sources of information are needed to reduce uncertainties, and these could include improved estimation of the soil hydraulic properties and direct observations of fluxes, particularly evapotranspiration.

PROTOTIPE APLIKASI PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS MICRO CONTOLLER ATMEGA 328

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Rudi Budi Agung ◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Didi Sukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Working Principle

The Indonesian country which is famous for its tropical climate has now experienced a shift in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). This has an impact on cropping and harvesting systems among farmers. In large scale this is very influential considering that farmers in Indonesia are stilldependent on rainfall which results in soil moisture. Some types of plants that are very dependent on soil moisture will greatly require rainfall or water for growth and development. Through this research, researchers tried to make a prototype application for watering plants using ATMEGA328 microcontroller based soil moisture sensor. Development of application systems using the prototype method as a simple method which is the first step and can be developed again for large scale. The working principle of this prototype is simply that when soil moisture reaches a certainthreshold (above 56%) then the system will work by activating the watering system, if it is below 56% the system does not work or in other words soil moisture is considered sufficient for certain plant needs.

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