scholarly journals Relation of the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase and hyperplasia to the different skin tumor-promotion susceptibilities of protein kinase C?, -? and -? transgenic mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P. Jansen ◽  
Nancy E. Dreckschmidt ◽  
Eric G. Verwiebe ◽  
Deric L. Wheeler ◽  
Terry D. Oberley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Tumor Promotion ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Kinase C

scholarly journals Palytoxin: exploiting a novel skin tumor promoter to explore signal transduction and carcinogenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. C24-C32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V. Wattenberg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Tumor Promotion ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
And Function

Palytoxin is a novel skin tumor promoter, which has been used to help probe the role of different types of signaling mechanisms in carcinogenesis. The multistage mouse skin model indicates that tumor promotion is an early, prolonged, and reversible phase of carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor promotion is therefore important for developing strategies to prevent and treat cancer. Naturally occurring tumor promoters that bind to specific cellular receptors have proven to be useful tools for investigating important biochemical events in multistage carcinogenesis. For example, the identification of protein kinase C as the receptor for the prototypical skin tumor promoter 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (also called phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) provided key evidence that tumor promotion involves the aberrant modulation of signaling cascades that govern cell fate and function. The subsequent discovery that palytoxin, a marine toxin isolated from zoanthids (genus Palythoa), is a potent skin tumor promoter yet does not activate protein kinase C indicated that investigating palytoxin action could help reveal new aspects of tumor promotion. Interestingly, the putative receptor for palytoxin is the Na+,K+-ATPase. This review focuses on palytoxin-stimulated signaling and how palytoxin has been used to investigate alternate biochemical mechanisms by which important targets in carcinogenesis can be modulated.

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