Measuring mothers' representations of their infants: Psychometric properties of the clinical scales of the working model of the child interview in a low‐ to moderate‐risk sample

The increased prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and the inclusion of IGD in DSM-5 and ICD-11 emphasizes the importance of measuring and describing the IGD symptoms. We examined the psychometric properties of the Diagnostic Interview for Internet Addiction (DIA), a semi-structured diagnostic interview tool for IGD, and verified the application of DIA in clinical practice for Korean adolescents. The DIA is conducted in a manner that interviews both adolescents and their caregivers, and each item has a standardized representative question and various examples. It consists of 10 items based on the DSM-5 IGD diagnostic criteria, which is cognitive salience, withdrawal, tolerance, difficulty in regulating use, loss of interest in other activities, persistent use despite negative results, deception regarding Internet/games/SNS use, use of Internet/games/SNS to avoid negative feelings, interference with role performance, and craving. The study included 103 adolescents divided into three subgroups (mild risk, moderate risk, and addicted group) based on the total score of DIA. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among the DIA subgroups using the chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation analysis was used to examine the associations of IGD symptoms with clinical variables (e.g., impulsivity, aggression, depression, anxiety, self-esteem). The DIA total score was significantly correlated with Internet and smartphone addiction, depression, state anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, aggression, and stress. Furthermore, the moderate risk and addicted group showed significantly higher levels of Internet and smartphone addiction, anxiety, depression, impulsivity, aggression, stress, and lower self-esteem compared with the mild risk group. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), which measures temperament and character traits, revealed that the mild risk group had higher levels of persistence and self-directedness than did the addicted group. Our findings confirmed the psychometric properties of DIA and the application of the DIA classifications in Korean adolescents.

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THE WORKING MODEL OF THE CHILD INTERVIEW: STABILITY OF THE DISRUPTED CLASSIFICATION IN A COMMUNITY INTERVENTION SAMPLE

Infant Mental Health Journal ◽

10.1002/imhj.21522 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 388-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alison Niccols ◽

Ainsley Smith ◽

Diane Benoit

Keyword(s):

Community Intervention ◽

Working Model ◽

Child Interview

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Working model of the child interview : a cross-cultural examination of attachment representations

10.32920/ryerson.14656125 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Garfinkel

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Stress Response ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Attachment Representations ◽

Working Model ◽

Child Interview ◽

Caregiver Language

This study examined ethno-cultural influences on attachment representations by using a Grounded Theory analysis of the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI). Six participant interviews were transcribed and coded. Four main themes related to caregivers and their children emerged from this qualitative analysis: emotion regulation, stress response, caregiver roles and personality/relationship descriptors. Results indicated that there are both universal and ethno-cultural variations related to different components of attachment representations. Attachment story telling, caregiver language and parenting styles reflected variations in cultural values and beliefs of independent and interdependent cultures. Emotion regulation, stress response and caregiver roles were more reflective of universal attachment. Recommendations for further inquiry into the ethno-cultural influences on attachment representations are discussed. Clinical implications suggest that ethno-cultural context must be acknowledged when interpreting WMCI interviews with non-dominant interviewee backgrounds. As well, evidence is provided to support developing a culturally sensitive system for interpreting WMCI interviews.

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Mothers’ experience with their developmentally disordered children: Specificity of internal representations

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44070072 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Rūta Pukinskaitė ◽

Rūta Praninskienė

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disability ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Child Disability ◽

Emotional Empathy ◽

Internal Representations ◽

Working Model ◽

Care Giving ◽

Child Interview ◽

Perceived Impact

The purpose of the present study was to examine mothers’ internal representations of experience with their developmentally disordered children. Maternal perceptions of children have been considered important in clinical work with developmentally disordered children and their families. Using developmental disability sample of 17–34-month-old children, we compared mothers’ representations of their children in clinically referred and not referred groups, using the Working Model of the Child Interview. Twenty mothers of children with developmental disorders and twenty matched controls participated. Six (30%) children of experiment group had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy; 5 (25%) were diagnosed with Down’s syndrome, while the remaining 9 (45%) had a diagnosis of mixed specific developmental disorder. Many children with disability also were diagnosed with heart disease, epilepsy, and hydrocephalus. Maternal representations’ measures were compared to their self-perceived impact of child disability on family, their sensitivity to child, and some demographic and family characteristics. Compared to controls, mothers of children with developmental disability had representations of their children that were significantly more likely to be classified distorted or disengaged (χ2=7.24; df=2; P<0.05). More severe disability status was significantly associated with mothers’ disengaged representations, fear for safety of children, and intensity of involvement in care giving (P<0.05). The study did not confirm relationships between maternal representation classifications and their self-perceived impact of child disability on family. No differences were found concerning mothers’ emotional empathy index in clinical and control groups. The differences in mean emotional empathy scores were related to many aspects of maternal internal representations and to some areas of self-perceived stress. The results of Working Model of the Child Interview did not correlate with child age and gender, birth order, and parents’ level of education.

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