Biosocial bases of reactive and proactive aggression: the roles of community violence exposure and heart rate

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Scarpa ◽  
Akiho Tanaka ◽  
Sara Chiara Haden
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Understanding the link between exposure to violence and aggression in justice-involved adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina D. Wall Myers ◽  
Abigail Salcedo ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
James V. Ray ◽  
Laura C. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Effects Of Violence

AbstractThe current study advanced research on the link between community violence exposure and aggression by comparing the effects of violence exposure on different functions of aggression and by testing four potential (i.e., callous–unemotional traits, consideration of others, impulse control, and anxiety) mediators of this relationship. Analyses were conducted in an ethnically/racially diverse sample of 1,216 male first-time juvenile offenders (M= 15.30 years,SD= 1.29). Our results indicated that violence exposure had direct effects on both proactive and reactive aggression 18 months later. The predictive link of violence exposure to proactive aggression was no longer significant after controlling for proactive aggression at baseline and the overlap with reactive aggression. In contrast, violence exposure predicted later reactive aggression even after controlling for baseline reactive aggression and the overlap with proactive aggression. Mediation analyses of the association between violence exposure and reactive aggression indicated indirect effects through all potential mediators, but the strongest indirect effect was through impulse control. The findings help to advance knowledge on the consequences of community violence exposure on justice-involved youth.

scholarly journals Community Violence Exposure and School Functioning in Youth: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Koposov ◽  
Johan Isaksson ◽  
Robert Vermeiren ◽  
Mary Schwab-Stone ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
New Haven ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violent Events

Background: Many children and adolescents experience violent events which can be associated with negative consequences for their development, mental health, school, and social functioning. However, findings between settings and on the role of gender have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate cross-country and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure (CVE) and school functioning in a sample of youths from three countries.Methods: A self-report survey was conducted among school students (12–17 years old) in Belgium (Antwerp, N = 4,743), Russia (Arkhangelsk, N = 2,823), and the US (New Haven, N = 4,101). Students were recruited from within classes that were randomly selected from within schools that had themselves been randomly selected (excepting New Haven, where all students were included). CVE was assessed with the Screening Survey of Exposure to Community Violence. School functioning was assessed with four measures: the Perceived Teacher Support scale, Negative Classroom Environment scale, and Academic Motivation and Perception of Safety at School scales. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance were performed to assess differences in the levels of school-related problem behaviors in boys and girls, who reported different degrees of CVE.Results: Participants in all three countries reported a relatively high prevalence of violence exposure (36.2% in Belgium, 39.3% in Russia and 45.2% in the US who witnessed violence), with a higher proportion of girls than boys witnessing violent events (varied from 37.4 to 51.6% between the countries), whereas boys reported more episodes of victimization by violence than girls (varied from 32.3 to 49.9% between the countries). Youths who experienced increased CVE (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization) reported an increase in all school functioning problems in all of the countries and this association was not gender-specific.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that regardless of differences in the level of CVE by country and gender, violence exposure is negatively associated with school functioning across countries. Nonetheless, even though reactions to community violence among adolescents may be expressed in a similar fashion, cross-country differences in social support systems should also be taken into account in order to provide culturally sensitive treatment modalities.

Community Violence Exposure Measure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Ranney ◽  
Maureen Walton ◽  
Lauren Whiteside ◽  
Quyen Epstein-Ngo ◽  
Rikki Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Community Violence Exposure

scholarly journals Discrepancies between community violence exposure and perceived neighborhood violence

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Cammack ◽  
Sharon F. Lambert ◽  
Nicholas S. Ialongo
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Neighborhood Violence
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