Application of spore morphology to solve identification problems in certain species of family Dryopteridaceae from Malakand Division, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed N. Shah ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Fazal Hadi ◽  
Muhammad N. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Identification Problems

scholarly journals Study on the spore morphology of Ceratopteris Brongn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Xiao-Juan Li ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Bing-Hong Wang ◽  
Jian-Xiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Spore Morphology

Design of back propagation optimized Nagar-Bardini structure-based interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems for fuzzy identification

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110066
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jiaxiu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Identification Problems ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Identification ◽  
Logic Systems ◽  
Academic Topic ◽  
Interval Type

In recent years, fuzzy identification based on system identification theory has become a hot academic topic. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs) have become a rising technology. This paper designs a type of Nagar-Bardini (NB) structure-based singleton IT2 FLSs for fuzzy identification problems. The antecedents of primary membership functions of IT2 FLSs are chosen as Gaussian type-2 primary membership functions with uncertain standard deviations. Then, the back propagation algorithms are used to tune the parameters of IT2 FLSs according to the chain rule of derivation. Compared with the type-1 fuzzy logic systems, simulation studies show that the proposed IT2 FLSs can obtain better abilities of generalization for fuzzy identification problems.

scholarly journals Spore Morphology of Indian Ferns II. Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Nayar ◽  
Santha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Spore Morphology

scholarly journals Getting Prices Right: What Should Be Done?

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Deaton
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Identification Problems ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Heterogeneous Consumers

Much of the profession accepts that the CPI likely overstates the rate of increase of the cost-of-living. It is less clear that there are sound and feasible steps that the BLS can adopt to improve matters in the short run. There are unresolved conceptual and identification problems in the measurement of quality. Superlative price indexes are not feasible, and feasible approximations are not superlative, and may not even be better. The need for a single index that aggregates over heterogeneous consumers with different incomes, tastes, and needs casts serious doubt on the cost-of-living approach.

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