Macrophage depletion alters the blood–nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury

Dystroglycan is a central component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that links extracellular matrix with cytoskeleton, expressed in a variety of fetal and adult tissues. Dystroglycan plays diverse roles in development and homeostasis including basement membrane formation, epithelial morphogenesis, membrane stability, cell polarization, and cell migration. In this paper, we will focus on biological role of dystroglycan in Schwann cell function, especially myelination. First, we review the molecular architecture of DGC in Schwann cell abaxonal membrane. Then, we will review the loss-of-function studies using targeted mutagenesis, which have revealed biological functions of each component of DGC in Schwann cells. Based on these findings, roles of dystroglycan in Schwann cell function, in myelination in particular, and its implications in diseases will be discussed in detail. Finally, in view of the fact that understanding the role of dystroglycan in Schwann cells is just beginning, future perspectives will be discussed.

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Gpr126 Is Critical for Schwann Cell Function during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.0127-17.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 3106-3108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corey Fernandez ◽

Manasi Iyer ◽

Isabel Low

Keyword(s):

Schwann Cell ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Cell Function ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Schwann Cell Function Depends upon Axonal Signals and Basal Lamina Components

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17937.x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 580 (1 Structure, Mo) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

MARY BARTLETT BUNGE ◽

MARY BLAIR CLARK ◽

ANDY C. DEAN ◽

CHARLES F. ELDRIDGE ◽

RICHARD P. BUNGE

Keyword(s):

Schwann Cell ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Cell Function

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17β-Estradiol Promotes Schwann Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Accelerating Early Remyelination in a Mouse Peripheral Nerve Injury Model

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/7891202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yan Chen ◽

Wenjie Guo ◽

Liangzhi Xu ◽

Wenjuan Li ◽

Meng Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Schwann Cell ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Cell Function ◽

Explant Culture ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Control Group ◽

Injury Model

Estrogen induces oligodendrocyte remyelination in response to demyelination in the central nervous system. Our objective was to determine the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on Schwann cell function and peripheral nerve remyelination after injury. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used to prepare the sciatic nerve transection injury model and were randomly categorized into control and E2 groups. To study myelination in vitro, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant culture was prepared using 13.5-day-old mouse embryos. Primary Schwann cells were isolated from the sciatic nerves of 1- to 3-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats. Immunostaining for myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and toluidine blue staining for myelin sheaths demonstrated that E2 treatment accelerates early remyelination in the “nerve bridge” region between the proximal and distal stumps of the transection injury site in the mouse sciatic nerve. The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assay revealed that E2 promotes Schwann cell proliferation in the bridge region and in the primary culture, which is blocked using AKT inhibitor MK2206. The in vitro myelination in the DRG explant culture determined showed that the MBP expression in the E2-treated group is higher than that in the control group. These results show that E2 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and myelination depending on AKT activation.

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