Rapid, effective, and long-lasting behavioral recovery produced by microsutures, methylene blue, and polyethylene glycol after completely cutting rat sciatic nerves

Study about degradation of methylene blue using photosonolysis method has been done. This research aims to investigate effect of variation radiation times, pH, and concentrations doping PEG (polyethylene glycol). The absorbance of samples was measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed maximum time of irradiation to degradate methylene blue at 120 minutes, with percentage degradation is 94.55%. The effect of pH showed maximum pH at 7 with percentage degradation is 96,83%. Meanwhile, the effect of variation concentration doping PEG showed maximum result at ZnO-PEG 15%, with percentage degradation is 87,12%. Sample was characterization by XRD, FTIR and UV-DRS. The XRD pattern showed wurtzite (hexagonal) structure and has crystal size of 47-88 nm. FTIR spectrum showed that 425,33 cm-1 vibration strain for Zn-O. Analysis UV-DRS obtained band gap value is 3.19 eV.

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Green sonochemical process for preparation of polyethylene glycol–Fe3O4/ZnO magnetic nanocomposite using rambutan peel extract as photocatalyst, for removal of methylene blue in solution

Bulletin of Materials Science ◽

10.1007/s12034-021-02584-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thi Mai Huong Pham ◽

Minh Thanh Vu ◽

Tien Dung Cong ◽

Ngoc Son Nguyen ◽

Tuan Anh Doan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Magnetic Nanocomposite ◽

Peel Extract

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Three-dimensional morphometry of spinal cord injury following polyethylene glycol treatment

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.205.1.13 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 205 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bradley S. Duerstock ◽

Richard B. Borgens

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Behavioral Recovery ◽

Post Injury ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Peg Treatment ◽

Spinal Cord Injured

SUMMARY We are developing a novel means of restoring function after severe acute spinal cord injury. This involves a brief application of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the site of injury. In the companion paper, we have shown that a delayed application of PEG can produce strikingly significant physiological and behavioral recovery in 90–100 % of spinal-cord-injured guinea pigs. In the present paper, we used three-dimensional computer reconstructions of PEG-treated and sham-treated spinal cords to determine whether the pathological character of a 1-month-old injury is ameliorated by application of PEG. Using a novel isocontouring algorithm, we show that immediate PEG treatment and treatment delayed by up to 7 h post-injury statistically increased the volume of intact spinal parenchyma and reduced the amount of cystic cavitation. Furthermore, in PEG-treated animals, the lesion was more focal and less diffuse throughout the damaged segment of the spinal cord, so that control cords showed a significantly extended lesion surface area. This three-dimensional computer evaluation showed that the functional recovery produced by topical application of a hydrophilic polymer is accompanied by a reduction in spinal cord damage.

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Behavioral recovery from spinal cord injury following delayed application of polyethylene glycol

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.205.1.1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 205 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richard B. Borgens ◽

Riyi Shi ◽

Debra Bohnert

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Topical Application ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Thoracic Vertebrae ◽

Behavioral Recovery ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Cord Injury

SUMMARY Topical application of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) to isolated adult guinea pig spinal cord injuries has been shown to lead to the recovery of both the anatomical integrity of the tissue and the conduction of nerve impulses through the lesion. Furthermore, a brief (2 min) application of the fusogen (Mr 1800, 50 % w/v aqueous solution) to the exposed spinal cord injury in vivo can also cause rapid recovery of nerve impulse conduction through the lesion in association with functional recovery. Behavioral recovery was demonstrated using a long-tract, spinal-cord-dependent behavior in rodents known as the cutaneus trunci muscle (CTM) reflex. This reflex is observed as a contraction of the skin of the back in response to tactile stimulation. Here, we confirm and extend these preliminary observations. A severe compression/contusion injury to the exposed thoracic spinal cord of the guinea pig was performed between thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11. Approximately 7 h later, a topical application of PEG was made to the injury (dura removed) for 2 min in 15 experimental animals, and levels of recovery were compared with those of 13 vehicle-treated control animals. In PEG-treated animals, 93 % recovered variable levels of CTM functioning and all recovered some level of conduction through the lesion, as measured by evoked potential techniques. The recovered reflex was relatively normal compared with the quantitative characteristics of the reflex prior to injury with respect to the direction, distance and velocity of skin contraction. Only 23 % of the control population showed any spontaneous CTM recovery (P=0.0003) and none recovered conduction through the lesion during the 1 month period of observation (P=0.0001). These results suggest that repair of nerve membranes by polymeric sealing can provide a novel means for the rapid restoration of function following spinal cord injury.

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Polyethylene Glycol Rapidly Restores Physiological Functions in Damaged Sciatic Nerves of Guinea Pigs

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-200201000-00023 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 147-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jill Donaldson ◽

Riyi Shi ◽

Richard Borgens

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Sciatic Nerves

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Polyethylene Glycol Rapidly Restores Axonal Integrity and Improves the Rate of Motor Behavior Recovery After Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.01051.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 695-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Joshua M. Britt ◽

Jacqueline R. Kane ◽

Christopher S. Spaeth ◽

Aleksej Zuzek ◽

Garrett L. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Motor Behavior ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽

Behavioral Recovery ◽

Nerve Crush ◽

Compound Action Potentials ◽

Sciatic Functional Index

The inability to rapidly (within minutes to hours) improve behavioral function after severance of peripheral nervous system axons is an ongoing clinical problem. We have previously reported that polyethylene glycol (PEG) can rapidly restore axonal integrity (PEG-fusion) between proximal and distal segments of cut- and crush-severed rat axons in vitro and in vivo. We now report that PEG-fusion not only reestablishes the integrity of crush-severed rat sciatic axons as measured by the restored conduction of compound action potentials (CAPs) and the intraaxonal diffusion of fluorescent dye across the lesion site, but also produces more rapid recovery of appropriate hindlimb motor behaviors. Improvement in recovery occurred during the first few postoperative weeks for the foot fault (FF) asymmetry test and between week 2 and week 3 for the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) based on analysis of footprints. That is, the FF test was the more sensitive indicator of early behavioral recovery, showing significant postoperative improvement of motor behavior in PEG-treated animals at 24–48 h. In contrast, the SFI more sensitively measured longer-term postoperative behavioral recovery and deficits at 4–8 wk, perhaps reflecting the development of fine (distal) motor control. These and other data show that PEG-fusion not only rapidly restores physiological and morphological axonal continuity, but also more quickly improves behavioral recovery.

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